英语词源

• apostasy 英文词源 apostasy (n.) late 14c., "renunciation, abandonment or neglect of established religion," from Latin apostasia , from later Greek apostasia , from apostasis "revolt, defection," literally "a standing off" (see apostate ). General (non-religious) sense is attested from 1570s. 中文词源 apostasy ：背教 发音释义：[ə'pɒstəsɪ] n. 变节；脱党；背教 结构分析：aposta
• apoplexy 英文词源 apoplexy apoplexy: [14] The Greek verb apopléssein meant ‘incapacitate by means of a stroke’. It was formed from the prefix apo - ‘away, off’ (here used as an intensive) and the verb pléssein ‘hit’ (source of English plectrum [17] and related to English complain , plangent , plankton , and plague ). The derived noun, apoplēxíā , entered English via Latin and Old Frenc
• apogee 英文词源 apogee apogee: [17] In its original, literal sense, a planet’s or satellite’s apogee is the point in its orbit at which it is furthest away from the Earth; and this is reflected in the word’s ultimate source, Greek apógaios or apógeios ‘far from the Earth’, formed from the prefix apo - ‘away’ and gē ‘earth’ (source of English geography , geology , and geometry ).
• apparel 英文词源 apparel apparel: [13] Apparel has the same source as apparatus , and originally it had the same meaning, too: until as late as the start of the 18th century, it was used for ‘equipment needed for performing a particular function’. But the sense ‘clothing’ is of equal antiquity in English, and by the 16th century it had become established as the central meaning of the word. Its
• apparatus 英文词源 apparatus apparatus: [17] Etymologically, apparatus is ‘equipment that has been prepared for a particular use’. The word is borrowed from Latin apparātus , the past participle of the compound verb apparāre , formed from the prefix ad - and parāre ‘make ready’ (source of prepare ‘make ready in advance’, and related to parent ). At the beginning of the 17th century, the r
• appall 英文词源 appall (v.) also appal , early 14c., "to fade;" c. 1400, "to grow pale," from Old French apalir "become or make pale," from a- "to" (see ad- ) + palir "grow pale," from Latin pallere (see pallor ). Meaning "cause dismay or shock," is 1530s. Related: Appalled ; appalling . 中文词源 appall ：使惊骇 发音释义：[ə'pɔl] vt. 使胆寒；使惊骇 结构分析：appall = ap（=
• apothecary 英文词源 apothecary apothecary: [14] Originally, an apothecary was simply a shopkeeper – the word comes via Old French from late Latin apothēcārius , which was based on Greek apothékē ‘storehouse’ (source, via French, of boutique [18] and via Spanish of bodega [19]), a derivative of the verb apotithénai ‘put away’ (formed from the prefix apo - ‘away’ and the verb tithénai ‘
• apostrophe 英文词源 apostrophe apostrophe: [17] Apostrophe comes originally from the Greek phrase prosōidiā apóstrophos , literally ‘accent of turning away’, hence, a mark showing where a letter or sound has been omitted. Apóstrophos itself was derived from the compound verb apostréphein , formed from the prefix apo - ‘away’ and the verb stréphein ‘turn’ (related to the second element o
• appetite 英文词源 appetite appetite: [14] In its origins, appetite referred to a very generalized desire or inclination; the wish for food is a secondary development. The Latin noun was appetītus , a derivative of the compound verb appetere ‘strive after, desire eagerly’, which was based on petere ‘go to, seek out’ (source also of English compete , impetus , petition , and repeat , and related
• appease 英文词源 appease appease: see peace appease (v.) c. 1300 "to reconcile," from Anglo-French apeser , Old French apaisier "to pacify, make peace, appease, be reconciled, placate" (12c.), from the phrase a paisier "bring to peace," from a "to" (see ad- ) + pais , from Latin pacem (nominative pax ) "peace" (see peace ). Related: Appeased ; appeasing . 中文词源 appease ：安抚 发音释义：
• appellation 英文词源 appellation (n.) late 15c., "action of appealing" (to a higher authority), from Old French apelacion (13c.), from Latin appellationem (nominative appellatio ) "an addressing, accosting; an appeal; a name, title," noun of action from past participle stem of appellare (see appeal ). Meaning "designation, name given to a person, thing, or class" is from mid-15c., from a sense also found
• appeal 英文词源 appeal appeal: [14] The ultimate Latin source of appeal , the verb adpellere (formed from the prefix ad - ‘to’ and pellere ‘drive’ – related to anvil , felt , and pulse ), seems to have been used in nautical contexts in the sense ‘direct a ship towards a particular landing’. It was extended metaphorically (with a modification in form to appellāre ) to mean ‘address’
• apparition 英文词源 apparition apparition: see appear apparition (n.) c. 1500, "unclosing" (of Heaven), from Anglo-French aparicion , Old French apparition , aparoison (15c.), used in reference to the Epiphany (revealing of Christ child to the Wise Men), from Late Latin apparitionem (nominative apparitio ) "an appearance," also "attendants," in classical Latin "service, servants," noun of action from pas
• appraise 英文词源 appraise appraise: [15] Originally, appraise meant simply ‘fix the price of’. It came from the Old French verb aprisier ‘value’, which is ultimately a parallel formation with appreciate ; it is not clear whether it came directly from late Latin appretiāre , or whether it was a newly formed compound in Old French, based on pris ‘price’. Its earliest spellings in English we
• apposite 英文词源 apposite (adj.) 1620s, "well-put or applied, appropriate," from Latin appositus "contiguous, neighboring;" figuratively "fit, proper, suitable," past participle of apponere "apply to, put near," from ad- "near" (see ad- ) + ponere "to place" (past participle positus ; see position (n.)). 中文词源 apposite ：适当的 发音释义：['æpəzɪt] adj. 适当的；贴切的 结构分析
• appoint 英文词源 appoint appoint: [14] Appoint came from the Old French verb apointier ‘arrange’, which was based on the phrase a point , literally ‘to a point’. Hints of the original meaning can still be found in some of the verb’s early uses in English, in the sense ‘settle a matter decisively’, but its main modern meanings, ‘fix by prior arrangement’ and ‘select for a post’, h
• apply 英文词源 apply apply: see ply apply (v.) late 14c., "to put (one's faculties, etc.) to some task or career," late 14c., from Old French aploiier "apply, use, attach" (12c., Modern French appliquer ), from Latin applicare "attach to, join, connect;" figuratively, "devote (oneself) to, give attention," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + plicare "fold" (see ply (v.1)). The etymological sense is "bring th
• applaud 英文词源 applaud applaud: [15] English probably acquired this word directly from Latin applaudere , which meant literally ‘clap at’. It was a compound formed from the prefix ad - ‘to’ and the verb plaudere ‘clap’, source also of plaudit [17] and of explode , whose original sense seems to have been ‘drive from the stage by clapping’ (or, presumably, by any other signals of disap
• approach 英文词源 approach approach: [14] Approach is etymologically connected with propinquity ‘nearness’; they both go back ultimately to Latin prope ‘near’. Propinquity [14] comes from a derived Latin adjective propinquus ‘neighbouring’, while approach is based on the comparative form propius ‘nearer’. From this was formed the late Latin verb appropiāre ‘go nearer to’, which cam
• apprise 英文词源 apprise (v.) "to notify," 1690s, from French appris , past participle of apprendre "to inform, teach," literally "to lay hold of (in the mind)," another metaphoric meaning of Latin apprehendere (see apprehend ). Related: Apprised ; apprising . 中文词源 apprise ：通知 发音释义：[ə'praɪz] vt. 通知；报告 结构分析：apprise = ap（=ad，使）+ prise（知道）→使
• apprehend 英文词源 apprehend apprehend: [14] The underlying notion in apprehend is of ‘seizing’ or ‘grasping’; it comes ultimately from the Latin verb prehendere ‘seize’ (source also of comprehend , predatory , and prehensile ). Latin apprehendere ‘lay hold of’, formed with the prefix ad -, developed the metaphorical meaning ‘seize with the mind’ – that is, ‘learn’; and that wa
• appreciate 英文词源 appreciate appreciate: [17] Like appraise , appreciate originally comes from the notion of setting a price on something. It comes from late Latin appretiāre , a compound verb formed from ad - ‘to’ and pretium ‘price’. The neutral sense of ‘estimating worth’ was already accompanied by the more positive ‘esteem highly’ when the word began to be used in English, and by t
• apropos 英文词源 apropos (adv.) 1660s, "opportunely," from French à propos "to the purpose," from propos "thing said in conversation, talk; purpose, plan," from Latin propositium "purpose," past participle of proponere "to set forth, propose" (see propound ). Meaning "as regards" is 1761, from French. As an adjective, "to the point or purpose," from 1690s. 中文词源 apropos ：恰当的 发音释义
• apron 英文词源 apron apron: [14] As in the case of adder , umpire , and many others, apron arose from a mistaken analysis of the combination ‘indefinite article + noun’. The original Middle English word was napron , but as early as the 15th century a napron had turned into an apron . Napron itself had been borrowed from Old French naperon , a derivative of nape ‘cloth’ (source of English nap
• approximate 英文词源 approximate approximate: see proximity approximate (adj.) early 15c., from Latin approximatus , past participle of approximare "to come near to," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + proximare "come near," from proximus "nearest," superlative of prope "near" (see propinquity ). approximate (v.) early 15c., "to bring or put close," from approximate (adj.). Meaning "to come close" is from 1789. R
• appropriate 英文词源 appropriate appropriate: see proper appropriate (v.) early 15c., "take possession of," from Late Latin appropriatus , past participle of appropriare, adpropriare (c.450) "to make one's own," from Latin ad- "to" (see ad- ) + propriare "take as one's own," from proprius "one's own" (see proper ). Related: Appropriated ; appropriating . appropriate (adj.) "specially suitable, proper," ea
• approbate 英文词源 approbate (v.) late 15c., from Latin approbatus , past participle of approbare "to assent to (as good), favor" (see approve ). Related: Approbated ; approbating . 中文词源 approbate ：认可 发音释义：['æprəbeɪt] vt. 认可；承认；批准 结构分析：approbate = ap（=ad，去）+ prob（e）（检验）+ate（动词后缀）→经过检验→认可 词源解析：p
• aquifer 英文词源 aquifer (n.) 1897, coined from Latin aqui- , comb. form of aqua "water" (see aqua- ) + -fer "bearing," from ferre "to bear" (see infer ). 中文词源 aquifer ：蓄水层 发音释义：['ækwɪfə] n. 蓄水层；含水土层 结构分析：aquifer = aqui（=aqua，水）+fer（承受、孕育）→蓄水层 词源解析：fer←拉丁语ferre（承受、承载、孕育） 同源词：
• aqueduct 英文词源 aqueduct (n.) 1530s, from Latin aquaeductus "conveyance of water," from aquae , genitive of aqua "water" (see aqua- ), + ductus "a leading, conducting," past participle of ducere "to lead" (see duke (n.)). 中文词源 aqueduct ：引水渠 发音释义：['ækwɪdʌkt] n. 渡槽；导水管；引水渠 结构分析：aqueduct = aque（=aqua，水）+duct（输送）→输送水的→引
• aquatic 英文词源 aquatic (adj.) late 15c., from Middle French and Old French aquatique (13c.), from Latin aquaticus "growing in water; bringing rain," from aqua "water" (see aqua -) 中文词源 aquatic ：水的 发音释义：[ə'kwætɪk] adj. 水生的；水栖的；在水中或水面进行的n. 水上运动；水生植物或动物 结构分析：aquatic = aqua（水）+ tic（形容词后缀）→与
• aptitude 英文词源 aptitude (n.) early 15c., "tendency, likelihood," from Middle French aptitude (14c.) or directly from Late Latin aptitudo (genitive aptitudinis ) "fitness," noun of quality from Latin aptus "joined, fitted" (see apt ). Meaning "natural capacity to learn" is 1540s; that of "quality of being fit (for a purpose or position)" is from 1640s. 中文词源 aptitude ：天资 发音释义：[
• apt 英文词源 apt apt: [14] Apt comes from Latin aptus ‘fit, suited’, the past participle of the verb apere ‘fasten’. Other English words from this source are adapt , adapt , adept , inept , and (with the Latin prefix com -) couple and copulation . Related words are found in Indo-European languages of the Indian subcontinent: for instance, Sanskrit āpta ‘fit’. = adapt , adept , attitud
• arbitrary 英文词源 arbitrary arbitrary: [15] Arbitrary comes ultimately from Latin arbiter ‘judge’, via the derived adjective arbitrārius . It originally meant ‘decided by one’s own discretion or judgment’, and has since broadened, and ‘worsened’, in meaning to ‘capricious’. The Latin noun has of course contributed a large number of other words to English, including arbiter [15] itsel
• arbitrate 英文词源 arbitrate (v.) 1580s ( arbitrable is recorded from 1530s), "to give an authoritative decision," from Latin arbitratus , past participle of arbitrari "be of an opinion, give a decision," from arbiter (see arbiter ). Meaning "to act as an arbitrator" is from 1610s. Related: Arbitrated ; arbitrating . The earlier verb form was arbitren (early 15c.). 中文词源 arbitrate ：仲裁 发音释
• arbiter 英文词源 arbiter (n.) late 14c., from Old French arbitre or directly from Latin arbiter "one who goes somewhere (as witness or judge)," in classical Latin used of spectators and eye-witnesses, in law, "he who hears and decides a case, a judge, umpire, mediator;" from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + baetere "to come, go." The specific sense of "one chosen by two disputing parties to decide the matter" is
• arable 英文词源 arable (adj.) early 15c., "suitable for plowing" (as opposed to pasture- or wood-land), from Old French arable (12c.), from Latin arabilis , from arare "to plow," from PIE *are- "to plow" (cognates: Greek aroun , Old Church Slavonic orja , Lithuanian ariu "to plow;" Gothic arjan , Old English erian , Middle Irish airim , Welsh arddu "to plow;" Old Norse arþr "a plow"). By late 18c. i
• archaeology 英文词源 archaeology (n.) c. 1600, "ancient history," from French archéologie (16c.) or directly from Greek arkhaiologia "the study of ancient things;" see archaeo- + -ology . Meaning "scientific study of ancient peoples" recorded by 1825. Related: Archaeological ; archaeologically . 中文词源 archaeology ：考古学 发音释义：[,ɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 考古学 结构分析：archaeo
• arch 英文词源 arch arch: [14] English acquired arch via Old French arche and a hypothetical Vulgar Latin * arca from Latin arcus ‘curve, arch, bow’ (from which English also got arc [14]). When it first came into the language it was still used in the general sense of ‘curve, arc’ as well as ‘curved structure’ (Chaucer in his Treatise on the astrolabe 1391 wrote of ‘the arch of the day …
• arcane 英文词源 arcane arcane: [16] Arcane comes from the Latin adjective arcānus ‘hidden, secret’. This was formed from the verb arcēre ‘close up’, which in turn came from arca ‘chest, box’ (source of English ark ). The neuter form of the adjective, arcānum , was used to form a noun, usually used in the plural, arcāna ‘mysterious secrets’. = ark arcane (adj.) 1540s, from Latin ar
• arboretum 英文词源 arboretum (n.) "tree-garden," 1838, from Latin arboretum , literally "a place grown with trees," from arbor "tree," which is of unknown origin, + -etum , suffix used to form the names of gardens and woods. 中文词源 arboretum ：植物园 发音释义：[,ɑrbə'ritəm] n. 植物园；（供科研等的）树木园 结构分析：arboretum = arbor（树木）+etum（园）→植物园
• arboreal 英文词源 arboreal (adj.) 1660s, from Latin arboreus "pertaining to trees," from arbor "tree," which is of unknown origin, + -al (1). 中文词源 arboreal ：树木的 发音释义：[ɑː'bɔːrɪəl] adj. 树木的；乔木的，树栖的 结构分析：arboreal = arbor（树木）+e（连接成分）+al（形容词后缀）→树木的 词源解析：arbor←拉丁语arbor（树木） 同源词
• arctic 英文词源 arctic arctic: [14] Etymologically, the Arctic is the region of the ‘bear’. Nothing to do with polar bears, though. The characteristic constellations of the northern hemisphere are the ‘Little Bear’ (Latin Ursa Minor ), which contains the northern celestial pole, and the Plough, otherwise known as the ‘Great Bear’ (Latin Ursa Major ). The perception that they resemble a be
• archive 英文词源 archive (v.) 1819 (implied in archived ), from archives . Related: Archiving . 中文词源 archive ：档案 发音释义：['ɑrkaɪv] n. 档案馆；档案文件vt. 把…存档 结构分析：archive = archi（初始的）+ve（名词后缀）→初始的文件→档案 词源解析：archi←希腊语arkhe（初始的） 同源词：archetype（原型←初始的模型） 该词的
• architect 英文词源 architect architect: [16] Etymologically, an architect is a ‘master builder’. The word comes, via French architecte , Italian architetto , and Latin architectus , from Greek arkhitéktōn , a compound formed from the prefix arkhi - ‘leading’ and téktōn ‘builder’ (source of English tectonic and related, via Greek tékhnē , to English technical ). = technical architect (n
• archetype 英文词源 archetype archetype: [17] Archetype comes, via Latin archetypum , from Greek arkhétupon , a nominal use of the adjective arkhétupos , literally ‘firstmoulded’, from túpos ‘mould, model, type’. The Greek prefix arkhe - was based on the noun arkhos ‘chief, ruler’, a derivative of the verb arkhein ‘begin, rule’ (see ARCHIVES). It first entered our language (via Latin a
• arid 英文词源 arid arid: [17] English acquired arid from Latin aridus , either directly or via French aride . The Latin adjective is part of a web of related words denoting ‘dryness’ or ‘burning’: it came from the verb ārēre ‘be dry’, which may be the source of area ; it seems to have connections with a prehistoric Germanic * azgon , source of English ash ‘burnt matter’, and with
• aria 英文词源 aria aria: see air aria (n.) from Italian aria , literally "air" (see air (n.1)). 中文词源 aria ：咏叹调 发音释义：['ɑːrɪə] n. 咏叹调，独唱曲 词源解释：aria←意大利语aria（空气） 背景知识：aria（咏叹调）是歌剧中一种极富抒情性的独唱乐段，与之对应的是“宣叙调（Recitativo）”——一种“朗诵”式的歌曲，
• argot 英文词源 argot (n.) 1860, from French argot (17c.) "the jargon of Paris rogues and thieves," earlier "the company of beggars," from Middle French argot , "group of beggars," origin unknown. Gamillscheg suggests a connection to Old French argoter "to cut off the stubs left in pruning," with a connecting sense of "to get a grip on." The best English equivalent is perhaps cant . The German equiva
• ardent 英文词源 ardent (adj.) early 14c., of alcoholic distillates, brandy ( ardent spirits ), etc., from Old French ardant (13c.) "burning, hot; zealous," from Latin ardentem (nominative ardens ) "glowing, fiery, hot, ablaze," also used figuratively of passions, present participle of ardere "to burn," from PIE root *as- "to burn, glow" from PIE root *as- "to burn, glow" (cognates: Old English æsce
• armory 英文词源 armory (n.) "arms and weapons collectively," c. 1300; see arm (n.2) + -ory . Meaning "place where arms are manufactured" is from mid-15c. Also used in a sense of "arsenal" (mid-15c.), "the science of heraldry" (late 15c.), from Old French armoierie , from armoier "to blazon," from Latin arma "weapons" (see arm (n.2)). 中文词源 armory ：军械库 发音释义：['ɑrməri] n. 军械
• armistice 英文词源 armistice (n.) 1707, from French armistice (1680s), coined on the model of Latin solstitium (see solstice ), etc., from Latin arma "arms" (see arm (n.2)) + -stitium (used only in compounds), from PIE *ste-ti- , suffixed form of root *sta- "to stand" (see stet ). The word is attested in English from 1660s in the Latin form armistitium . German Waffenstillstand is a loan-translation fro
• armada 英文词源 armada (n.) "fleet of warships," 1530s (erroneously, as armado ), from Spanish armada "an armed force," from Medieval Latin armata (see army ). Especially of the "Invincible Armada" of Philip II of Spain (1588). Current form of the word is from 1590s. 中文词源 armada ：舰队 发音释义：[ɑ:'mɑ:də] n.舰队，（西班牙）无敌舰队 词源解释：armada←西班牙语a
• arrogate 英文词源 arrogate (v.) 1530s, from Latin arrogatus , past participle of arrogare "to claim for oneself" (see arrogance ). Related: Arrogated ; arrogating . 中文词源 arrogate ：霸占 发音释义：['ærəgeɪt] vt. 冒称有权；霸占；没来由地将…归属于 结构分析：arrogate = ar（=ad，去）+rog（要求）+ate（动词后缀）→没理由地索要→霸占 词源解释：
• arrhythmic 英文词源 arrhythmic (adj.) 1853, "without rhythm," in relation to musical sensibility, Modern Latin, from Greek arrhythmos "irregular, unrhythmical, without measure," from a- "not" (see a- (3)) + rhythmos (see rhythm ). Medical arrhythmia "irregularity of pulse" is attested from 1888, from Greek noun of action from arrhythmos . Related: Arrhythmically . 中文词源 arrhythmic ：无节奏的 发
• arrest 英文词源 arrest arrest: [14] The Latin verb restāre meant ‘stand back, remain behind’ or ‘stop’ (it is the source of English rest in the sense ‘remainder’). The compound verb arrestāre , formed in postclassical times from the prefix ad - and restāre , had a causative function: ‘cause to remain behind or stop’, hence ‘capture, seize’. These meanings were carried over via
• array 英文词源 array (v.) early 14c., from stem of Old French areer "to put in order," from Vulgar Latin *ar-redare (source of Italian arredare ), from Latin ad- "to" (see ad- ) + Frankish *ræd- "ready" or some cognate Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *raidjan "to place in order" (cognates: Gothic garadis , Old English geræde "ready;" see ready (adj.)). Related: Arrayed ; arraying . array (n.)
• arouse 英文词源 arouse arouse: [16] Shakespeare is the first writer on record to use arouse , in 2 Henry VI , 1593: ‘Loud howling wolves arouse the jades that drag the tragic melancholy night’. It was formed, with the intensive prefix a -, from rouse , a word of unknown origin which was first used in English in the 15th century as a technical term in falconry, meaning ‘plump up the feathers’.
• arthritis 英文词源 arthritis arthritis: [16] Greek árthron meant ‘joint’ (it is used in various technical terms in biology, such as arthropod ‘creature, such as an insect, with jointed limbs’). It came from the Indo-European root * ar - ‘put things together, join, fit’, which also produced Latin artus ‘limb’ (source of English article ) and English arm , as well as art . The compound ar
• artery 英文词源 artery artery: [14] Artery is a direct borrowing from Latin artēria , which in turn came from Greek artēria . This appears to have been based on the root * ar - ‘lift’. A parallel formation is thus aorta ‘main coronary artery’ [16], which comes from Greek aortē , a derivative of aeírein ‘lift’ – again ultimately from the root * ar -. The notion underlying aortē seem
• arson 英文词源 arson arson: [17] Like ardour and ardent , arson comes from the Latin verb ardēre ‘burn’. Its past participle was arsus , from which was formed the noun arsiō ‘act of burning’. This passed via Old French into Anglo-Norman as arson , and in fact was in use in the Anglo-Norman legal language of England from the 13th century onwards (it occurs in the Statute of Westminster 1275
• arroyo 英文词源 arroyo (n.) "watercourse, dry streambed," 1845, a California word, from American Spanish, in Spanish, "rivulet, small stream," from Latin arrugia "shaft or pit in a gold mine," apparently a compound of ad- "to" (see ad- ) + ruga "a wrinkle" (see rough (adj.)). 中文词源 arroyo ：沟壑 发音释义：[ə'rɒɪəʊ] n. 小河；河谷；干涸沟壑；（人名）阿罗约 结构分析
• artistry 英文词源 artistry (n.) "artistic ability," 1837, from artist + -ry ; as chemistry from chemist , etc. 中文词源 artistry ：艺术性 发音释义：['ɑːtɪstrɪ] n. 艺术性；工艺；艺术技巧；艺术效果；艺术工作 结构分析：artistry = artist（艺术家）+ry（名词后缀）→艺术家的技艺→艺术性、艺术技巧 同源词：artist（艺术家） 该词的英
• artificial 英文词源 artificial (adj.) late 14c., in the phrase artificial day "part of the day from sunrise to sunset," from Old French artificial , from Latin artificialis "of or belonging to art," from artificium (see artifice ). Meaning "made by man" (opposite of natural ) is from early 15c. Applied to things that are not natural, whether real ( artificial light ) or not ( artificial flowers ). Artifi
• artifice 英文词源 artifice (n.) 1530s, "workmanship, the making of anything by craft or skill," from Middle French artifice "skill, cunning" (14c.), from Latin artificium "a profession, trade, employment, craft; making by art," from artifex (genitive artificis ) "craftsman, artist," from stem of ars "art" (see art (n.)) + facere "to make, do" (see factitious ). Meaning "device, trick" (the usual modern
• artifact 英文词源 artifact (n.) 1821, artefact , "anything made by human art," from Italian artefatto , from Latin arte "by skill" (ablative of ars "art;" see art (n.)) + factum "thing made," from facere "to make, do" (see factitious ). The spelling with -i- is by 1884, by influence of the Latin stem. Archaeological application dates from 1890. 中文词源 artifact ：人工制品 发音释义：['ɑ:
• articulate 英文词源 articulate (v.) 1590s, "to divide speech into distinct parts" (earlier "to formally bring charges against," 1550s), from Latin articulatus , past participle of articulare "to separate into joints," also "to utter distinctly," from articulus "joint" (see article ). Generalized sense of "express in words" is from 1690s. Literal sense, "to join, to attach by joints," is attested from 161
• ascribe 英文词源 ascribe ascribe: see scribe ascribe (v.) mid-14c., ascrive , from Old French ascrivre "to inscribe; attribute, impute," from Latin ascribere "to write in, to add to in a writing," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + scribere "to write" (see script (n.)). Spelling restored by 16c. Related: Ascribed ; ascribing . 中文词源 ascribe ：归因于 发音释义：[ə'skraɪb] vt. 归因于；归咎于
• ascendancy 英文词源 ascendancy (n.) 1712; see ascendant + -cy . 中文词源 ascendancy ：支配地位 发音释义：[ə'send(ə)nsɪ] n. 支配地位，优势，统治地位 结构分析：ascendancy = a（=ad，去）+scend（攀爬）+ancy（名词后缀）→攀爬到高处→支配地位 词源解释：scend←拉丁语scandere（攀爬） 同源词：ascend（攀爬、上升）；ascendant（上升
• artless 英文词源 artless (adj.) 1580s, "unskillful," from art (n.) + -less . Later also "uncultured" (1590s); then "unartificial, natural" (1670s) and "guileless, ingenuous" (1714). Related: Artlessly ; artlessness . 中文词源 artless ：朴实的 发音释义：['ɑːtlɪs] n. 朴实的，自然的，粗俗的 结构分析：artless = art（艺术）+less（没有）→没有经过艺术加工的→
• aspersion 英文词源 aspersion aspersion: see spread aspersion (n.) mid-15c., from Latin aspersionem (nominative aspersio ) "a sprinkling," noun of action from past participle stem of aspergere "to sprinkle on," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + spargere "sprinkle, strew" (see sparse ). Originally in theology, the shedding of Christ's blood. Modern sense of "a bespattering with slander" first attested 1590s. To
• asperity 英文词源 asperity (n.) c. 1200, asprete "hardship, harshness of feelings," a figurative use, from Old French asperité "difficulty, painful situation, harsh treatment" (12c., Modern French âpreté ), from Latin asperitatem (nominative asperitas ) "roughness," from asper "rough, harsh," which is of unknown origin; in Latin used also of sour wine, bad weather, and hard times. Figurative meaning
• aspen 英文词源 aspen (n.) late 14c., from adjective or genitive form of Old English æspe "aspen tree, white poplar," from Proto-Germanic *aspo- (cognates: Old Norse ösp , Middle Dutch espe , Old High German aspa , German Espe ), from PIE *apsa "aspen" (cognates: Lithuanian opuse ). The current form in English probably arose from phrases such as aspen leaf , aspen bark (see -en (2)). Its leaves hav
• asparagus 英文词源 asparagus asparagus: [15] Asparagus comes ultimately from Greek aspáragos (a word related to the Greek verb spargan ‘swell’, to the Latin verb spargere ‘scatter’ – ultimate source of English sparse , disperse , and aspersions – and also to English spark ), and has over the past 150 years or so returned to the full Latin form, asparagus , in which it was originally borrowe
• assault 英文词源 assault assault: [13] To assault somebody was originally to ‘jump on’ them. The word comes from a Vulgar Latin compound verb * assaltāre , formed from the prefix ad - ‘to’ and saltāre ‘jump’, a frequentative form (denoting repeated action) of the verb salīre ‘jump’ (which is the source of English salient , and by a similar compounding process produced assail [13]).
• assail 英文词源 assail (v.) c. 1200, from Old French assalir "attack, assault, assail" (12c., Modern French assaillir ), from Vulgar Latin *adsalire "to leap at," from Latin ad- "at" (see ad- ) + salire "to leap" (see salient (adj.)). Figurative use from mid-14c. Related: Assailed ; assailing ; assailable . 中文词源 assail ：抨击、攻击 发音释义：[ə'seɪl] vt. 抨击；攻击；质问；
• aspire 英文词源 aspire aspire: see spirit aspire (v.) "strive for," c. 1400, from Old French aspirer "aspire to; inspire; breathe, breathe on" (12c.), from Latin aspirare "to breathe upon, blow upon, to breathe," also, in transferred senses, "to be favorable to, assist; to climb up to, to endeavor to obtain, to reach to, to seek to reach; infuse," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + spirare "to breathe" (see
• asphyxia 英文词源 asphyxia (n.) 1706, "stoppage of pulse, absence of pulse," from Modern Latin, from Greek asphyxia "stopping of the pulse," from a- "not" (see a- (3)) + sphyzein "to throb." Obsolete in its original sense; the transferred sense of "suffocation" is from 1778, but it is a "curious infelicity of etymology" [OED] because victims of suffocation have a pulse for some time after breathing has
• assess 英文词源 assess assess: [15] The literal meaning of Latin assidēre , ultimate source of assess , was ‘sit beside someone’ (it was a compound verb formed from the prefix ad - ‘near’ and sedēre ‘sit’, a relative of English sit ). This developed the secondary meaning ‘sit next to a judge and assist him in his deliberations’ (which lies behind English assize ), and in medieval La
• assertive 英文词源 assertive (adj.) 1560s, "declaratory, positive, full of assertion," from assert + -ive . Meaning "insisting on one's rights" is short for self-assertive (1865). 中文词源 assertive ：独断的 发音释义：[ə'sɜːtɪv] adj.肯定的；独断的；坚定而自信的 结构分析：assertive = assert（坚持）+tive（形容词后缀）→坚持自己观点的→独断的、肯定
• assert 英文词源 assert assert: [17] Assert comes ultimately from Latin asserere , which meant literally ‘join oneself to something’. It was a compound verb formed from the prefix ad - ‘to’ and serere ‘join’ (source of English series and serial ), and it came to take on various metaphorical connotations: if one ‘joined oneself to’ a particular thing, one ‘declared one’s right to’
• assent 英文词源 assent assent: see sense assent (v.) c. 1300, from Old French assentir "agree; get used to" (12c.), from Latin assentare "to agree with," frequentative of assentire , from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + sentire "to feel, think" (see sense (n.)). Related: Assented ; assenting . assent (n.) early 14c., "consent, approval," from Old French assent , a back-formation from assentir (see assent (v.))
• assemble 英文词源 assemble assemble: see similar assemble (v.) early 14c., transitive and intransitive, from Old French assembler "come together, join, unite; gather" (11c.), from Latin assimulare "to make like, liken, compare; copy, imitate; feign, pretend," later "to gather together," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + simulare "to make like" (see simulation ). In Middle English and in Old French it also was
• associate 英文词源 associate associate: [14] Latin socius meant ‘companion’ (it is related to English sequel and sue ), and has spawned a host of English words, including social , sociable , society , and socialism . In Latin, a verb was formed from it, using the prefix ad - ‘to’: associāre ‘unite’. Its past participle, associātus , was borrowed into English as an adjective, associate ; it
• assimilate 英文词源 assimilate (v.) early 15c., from Latin assimilatus "feigned, pretended, fictitious," past participle of assimilare "to make like," from ad- "to" (see ad- ) + simulare "make similar," from similis "like, resembling" (see similar ). Originally transitive (with to ); intransitive use first recorded 1837. Related: Assimilated ; assimilating . 中文词源 assimilate ：同化、吸收 发音
• assiduous 英文词源 assiduous assiduous: see assess assiduous (adj.) 1530s, from Latin assiduus "attending; continually present, incessant; busy; constant," from assidere "to sit down to" (thus "be constantly occupied" at one's work); from ad "to" (see ad- ) + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary ). The word acquired a taint of "servility" in 18c. Related: Assiduously ; assiduousness . 中文词源 assiduous ：
• assure 英文词源 assure assure: see insure assure (v.) late 14c., from Old French asseurer (12c., Modern French assurer ) "to reassure, calm, protect, to render sure," from Vulgar Latin *assecurar , from Latin ad- "to" (see ad- ) + securus "safe, secure" (see secure (adj.)). Related: Assured ; assuring . 中文词源 assure ：保证 发音释义：[ə'ʃʊə; ə'ʃɔː] vt.保证；担保；使确信；
• assumption 英文词源 assumption (n.) c. 1300, "the reception, uncorrupted, of the Virgin Mary into Heaven," also the Church festival (Aug. 15) commemorating this, Feast of the Assumption , from Old French assumpcion and directly from Latin assumptionem (nominative assumptio ) "a taking, receiving," noun of action from past participle stem of assumere "take up, take to oneself" (see assume ). Meaning "mino
• assume 英文词源 assume assume: see prompt assume (v.) early 15c., assumpten "to receive up into heaven" (especially of the Virgin Mary), also assumen "to arrogate," from Latin assumere , adsumere "to take up, take to oneself, take besides, obtain in addition," from ad- "to, up" (see ad- ) + sumere "to take," from sub "under" (see sub- ) + emere "to take" (see exempt (adj.)). Meaning "to suppose, to t
• assuage 英文词源 assuage assuage: see persuade assuage (v.) c. 1300, from Anglo-French assuager , Old French assoagier "soften, moderate, alleviate, calm, soothe, pacify," from Vulgar Latin *adsuaviare , from Latin ad- "to" (see ad- ) + suavis "sweet, agreeable" (see sweet (adj.)). For sound development in French, compare deluge from Latin diluvium , abridge from abbreviare . Related: Assuaged ; assua
• astray 英文词源 astray (adv.) c. 1300, astraied "away from home; lost," borrowed and partially nativized from Old French estraie , past participle of estraier "astray, riderless (of a horse), lost," literally "on stray" (see stray (v.)). 中文词源 astray ：迷路的 发音释义：[ə'streɪ] adv. 误入歧途地；迷途地；迷路adj. 迷路的；离开正道的 结构分析：astray = a（处于