英语词源

• Sardinia 英文词源 Sardinia large island west of Italy, Latin, from Greek Sardo ; perhaps named for the local Iberian people who settled there; the original form and meaning of the name is lost. A Punic (Phoenician) stelle from 7c. B.C.E. refers to it as Shardan . The oblique cases are sometimes Sardonos , etc., as if from *Sardon . Related: Sardinian . 中文词源 Sardinia ：撒丁岛 来自希腊语
• sardine 英文词源 sardine (n.) early 15c., from Latin sardina , from Greek sardine, sardinos , often said to be from Sardo "Sardinia" (see Sardinia ), the Mediterranean island, near which the fish probably were caught and from which they were exported. But Klein writes, "It is hardly probable that the Greeks would have obtained fish from so far as Sardinia at a time relatively so early as that of Arist
• Selene 英文词源 Selene moon goddess, equivalent of Latin Luna , from Greek selene "the moon; name of the moon goddess," related to selas "light, brightness, bright flame, flash of an eye," from PIE root *swel- (2) "to shine, beam" (cognates: Sanskrit svargah "heaven," Lithuanian svilti "to singe," Old English swelan "to be burnt up," Middle Low German swelan "to smolder"); related to swelter , sultry
• Sphinx's Riddle 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random horn horn: [OE] Horn belongs to a very large Indo- European word-family that has made an enormous number of contributions to English. Its ultimate source is Indo-European * ker -, whose offspring predominantly denote ‘animal’s horn’, but also include words for ‘top’ and ‘head’. Its Germanic descendant, * khornaz ,
• swan-song 英文词源 swan (n.) Old English swan "swan," from Proto-Germanic *swanaz "singer" (cognates: Old Saxon swan , Old Norse svanr , Danish svane , Swedish svan , Middle Dutch swane , Dutch zwaan , Old High German swan , German Schwan ), probably literally "the singing bird," from PIE root *swen- "to sing, make sound" (see sound (n.1)); thus related to Old English geswin "melody, song" and swinsian
• salad days 英文词源 salad (n.) late 14c., from Old French salade (14c.), from Vulgar Latin *salata , literally "salted," short for herba salata "salted vegetables" (vegetables seasoned with brine, a popular Roman dish), from fem. past participle of *salare "to salt," from Latin sal (genitive salis ) "salt" (see salt (n.)). Dutch salade , German Salat , Swedish salat , Russian salat are from Romanic langu
• shower 英文词源 shower shower: [OE] Shower comes from a prehistoric West Germanic * skūra , which also produced German schauer and Dutch schoer . Its ultimate ancestry is uncertain. shower (n.1) Old English scur "a short fall of rain, storm, tempest; fall of missiles or blows; struggle, commotion; breeze," from Proto-Germanic *skuraz (cognates: Old Norse skur , Old Saxon and Old Frisian scur "fit of
• Siamese twins 英文词源 Siamese twins Siamese twins: [19] The original ‘Siamese twins’ were two males, Chang and Eng (1811– 74), born in Siam (now Thailand), who were joined together at the hip. No attempt was made to separate them, and they lived to a respectable age; each married and fathered children. In an age unembarrassed to be interested in ‘freaks’, they gained considerable public attention
• severe 英文词源 severe severe: [16] Severe is a descendant, via Old French severe , of Latin sevērus , a word of uncertain origin. English asseveration ‘firm declaration’ [16] comes from its Latin derivative asseverāre ‘assert earnestly’. = asseveration severe (adj.) 1540s, from Middle French severe (12c., Modern French sévère ) or directly from Latin severus "serious, grave, strict, aust
• skipper 英文词源 skipper skipper: see ship skipper (n.1) "captain or master of a ship," late 14c., from Middle Dutch scipper , from scip (see ship (n.)). Compare English shipper , used from late 15c. to 17c. in sense "skipper." Transferred sense of "captain of a sporting team" is from 1830. skipper (n.2) "one who skips," mid-15c., agent noun from skip (v.). As a type of butterfly, 1817, from its manne
• square 英文词源 square square: [13] Etymologically a square is a ‘four’- sided figure. The word comes via Old French esquare or esqire ( squire was the Middle English form of square ) from Vulgar Latin * exquadra , a derivative of * exquadrāre ‘square’. This was a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix ex - and Latin quadrāre ‘square’, a derivative of the Latin stem quat -, quad
• seism 英文词源 aseismic (n.) "resistant to earthquake destruction," 1884, from a- (2) "not" + seismic . seismic (adj.) 1858, from seismo- + -ic . seismo- word-forming element meaning "earthquake," from comb. form of Greek seismos "a shaking, shock; an earthquake," from seiein "to shake," from PIE root *twei- "to agitate, shake, toss." seismogram (n.) record made by a seismograph or seismometer, 1888
• somber 英文词源 somber (adj.) 1760 "gloomy, shadowy" (earlier sombrous , c. 1730), from French sombre "dark, gloomy," from Old French sombre (14c.), from an adjective from Late Latin subumbrare "to shadow," from sub "under" (see sub- ) + umbra "shade, shadow," perhaps from a suffixed form of PIE *andho- "blind, dark" (see umbrage ). Related: Somberly ; somberness . 中文词源 somber ：昏暗的 这里
• soar 英文词源 soar (v.) late 14c., from Old French essorer "fly up, soar," from Vulgar Latin *exaurare "rise into the air," from Latin ex- "out" (see ex- ) + aura "breeze, air" (see aura ). Of mountains, buildings, etc., by 1812; of prices, emotions, etc. from 1929. Related: Soared ; soaring . 中文词源 soar ：高飞 s- = ex-，是前缀“向外”，这种例子还有expend—spend（花费）、
• steal one's thunder 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random apt apt: [14] Apt comes from Latin aptus ‘fit, suited’, the past participle of the verb apere ‘fasten’. Other English words from this source are adapt , adapt , adept , inept , and (with the Latin prefix com -) couple and copulation . Related words are found in Indo-European languages of the Indian subcontinent: for inst
• sour grapes 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random perspire perspire: see spirit 中文词源 sour grapes ：酸葡萄心理 《伊索寓言》中，有一篇脍炙人口的故事《狐狸和葡萄》。话说饥饿的狐狸看见一串串晶莹欲滴的葡萄挂满了枝头。它想尝尝，偏偏就是够不着。最后只好走开，并且自己安慰自己说：“反正那些
• sop to Cerberus 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random reflect reflect: [15] To reflect something is etymologically to ‘bend it back’. The word comes via Old French reflecter from Latin reflectere ‘bend back’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re - ‘back’ and flectere ‘bend’ (source also of English deflect [17], flex [16], flexible [15], inflect [15], etc). The
• son of Bacchus 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random hygiene hygiene: [19] Greek hugiés meant ‘healthy’. From it were formed the noun hugíeia ‘health’ (personified as Hygieia , the Greek goddess of health) and the adjective hugieinós ‘healthful’. This came to be used as a noun, hugieiné , ‘science of healthy living’, which passed via modern Latin hygieina and F
• smoke out 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random medal medal: see metal 中文词源 smoke out ：侦察出；找出 smoke (烟）在古英语里写成smoca，原意是慢慢地燃烧。由于烟会遮蔽视线使人看不见东西，因此又产生了 smokescreen (烟幕）或 smoke-filled room (烟雾弥漫的房间；密谈室）等词汇。 烟雾一大时，往往会呛得人
• socket 英文词源 socket (n.) c. 1300, "spearhead" (originally one shaped like a plowshare), from Anglo-French soket "spearhead, plowshare" (mid-13c.), diminutive of Old French soc "plowshare," from Vulgar Latin *soccus , perhaps from a Gaulish source, from Celtic *sukko- (cognates: Welsh swch "plowshare," Middle Irish soc "plowshare"), properly "hog's snout," from PIE *su- "pig" (cognates: Latin sus "
• stern 英文词源 stern stern: English has two distinct words stern . The older, the adjective ‘severe’ [OE], comes from a prehistoric Germanic * sternjaz , which was probably derived from the base * ster -, * star - ‘be rigid’ (source also of English starch , stare , starve , etc). Stern ‘rear of a vessel’ [13] is etymologically the ‘steering’ end of a ship. The word was probably borro
• swan 英文词源 swan swan: [OE] Swan is a general Germanic word, with relatives in German schwan , Dutch zwaan , Swedish svan , and Danish svane . These all come from a prehistoric base * swan -, which may go back ultimately to Indo-European * swon -, * swen - ‘make sound’ (source of Latin sonus ‘sound’, from which English gets sound ). If it does, the swan was originally named for the (admit
• salient 英文词源 salient salient: [16] Salient is one of a large number of English words that go back ultimately to Latin salīre ‘jump’. Others include assail , assault , desultory , insult , sally , sauté , and also salacious [17], which goes back to Latin salāx ‘given to leaping on to females in order to copulate’, a derivative of salīre . Salient itself comes from the present participle
• south 英文词源 south south: [OE] South , together with its relatives German süd , Dutch zuid , Swedish söder , and Danish syd , goes back to a prehistoric Germanic * suntha -. This may have been derived from the base of * sunnōn ‘sun’ – in which case south would mean etymologically ‘region of the sun, side on which the sun appears’. French sud ‘south’ was borrowed from English. sout
• sober 英文词源 sober sober: [13] Sober comes via Old French sobre from Latin sōbrius ‘not drunk’. This was the opposite of ēbrius ‘drunk’ (source of French ivre ‘drunk’ and English inebriate [15]), but where ēbrius came from, and precisely what connection the presumably related sōbrius has with it, are not known. = inebriate sober (v.) late 14c., "reduce to a quiet condition" (transi
• stir 英文词源 stir stir: [OE] The etymological connotations of stir are of ‘agitation’ and ‘disturbance’; the notion of ‘mixing a liquid with circular movements of a spoon or other implement’ is a secondary development. The verb goes back to a prehistoric Germanic * sturjan , whose only other living descendant is Norwegian styrja ‘make a disturbance’. It was formed from a base * stu
• sullen 英文词源 sullen sullen: [16] The etymological notion underlying sullen is of being miserable because one is ‘on one’s own’. The word comes from Anglo- Norman * solein ‘alone’, hence ‘miserable’, a derivative of Old French soul ‘alone’ (source of English sole ). = sole , solo sullen (adj.) 1570s, alteration of Middle English soleyn "unique, singular," from Anglo-French *solein
• spinnaker 英文词源 spinnaker spinnaker: see sphinx spinnaker (n.) "large triangular sail," 1866, either a derivative of spin in the sense of "go rapidly" or a corrupt pronunciation of Sphinx , which was the name of the first yacht known to carry this type of sail. 中文词源 spinnaker ：大三角帆 Sphinx（斯芬克斯）是古埃及神话中长有翅膀的怪物；世界上第一艘三角帆船在
• shear 英文词源 shear shear: [OE] Shear is the principal English descendant of the Indo-European base * sker - ‘cut’, which has also produced English score , share , shirt , short , and skirt , and probably sharp and shore as well. A variant of the base without the s is responsible for curt and curtail . The immediate source of shear itself is prehistoric Germanic * skeran , which also evolved in
• stark 英文词源 stark (adj.) Old English stearc "stiff, strong, rigid, obstinate; stern, severe, hard; harsh, rough, violent," from Proto-Germanic *starkaz (cognates: Old Norse sterkr , Danish, Old Frisian sterk , Middle Dutch starc , Old High German starah , German stark , Gothic *starks ), from PIE root *ster- (1) "stiff, rigid" (see stereo- ). From the same root as stare (v.). Meaning "utter, shee
• scamper 英文词源 scamper (v.) "to run quickly," 1680s, probably from Flemish schampeeren , frequentative of schampen "run away," from Old North French escamper (Old French eschamper ) "to run away, flee, quit the battlefield, escape," from Vulgar Latin *excampare "decamp," literally "leave the field," from Latin ex campo , from ex "out of" (see ex- ) + campo , ablative of campus "field" (see campus ).
• sluice 英文词源 sluice sluice: [14] A sluice is etymologically a device for ‘excluding’ water. The word comes via Old French escluse from Gallo-Roman * exclūsa , a noun use of the feminine past participle of Latin exclūdere ‘shut out’ (source of English exclude [14]). This was a compound verb formed from the prefix ex - ‘out’ and claudere ‘shut’ (source of English close ). = close ,
• stirrup 英文词源 stirrup stirrup: [OE] A stirrup is etymologically a ‘climbing rope’. The word goes back to a prehistoric Germanic compound formed from the base * stig - ‘climb’ (source also of English stair and stile ) and * raipaz (ancestor of English rope ). The earliest stirrups were looped pieces of rope. = rope , stair , stile stirrup (n.) Old English stigrap "a support for the foot of a
• stink 英文词源 stink stink: [OE] Stink comes from a prehistoric West Germanic * stingkwan , which also produced German and Dutch stinken . Another form of the base, * stengkw -, gave English stench [OE]. Its ancestral meaning is probably simply ‘smell’, but it early on became specialized to ‘smell bad’. = stench stink (v.) Old English stincan "emit a smell of any kind; exhale; rise (of dust,
• scum 英文词源 scum scum: [13] Scum is etymologically a ‘layer on top’ of something. The word’s modern connotations of ‘dirt’ are a secondary development. It comes ultimately from prehistoric Germanic * skūman , a derivative of the base * skū - ‘cover’, and its relatives include German schaum ‘foam’ (source of English meerschaum [18], literally ‘sea-foam’). English scum origi
• sickle 英文词源 sickle sickle: [OE] A sickle is etymologically a ‘cutting’ tool. Like its close relatives German sichel and Dutch zikkel , it originated in a prehistoric Germanic borrowing of Latin secula ‘sickle’. This was a derivative of the verb secāre ‘cut’ (source of English section , sector , etc), which in turn went back to the Indo-European base * sek - ‘cut’ (source also of
• Samoyed 英文词源 Samoyed (n.) Siberian Mongolian people, 1580s, from Russian samoyed (11c.), traditionally literally "self-eaters," i.e. "cannibals" (the first element cognate with same , the second with eat ), but this might be Russian folk etymology of a native name: The common Russian etymology of the name Samoyed , meaning "self-eater," deepened the Russians' already exotic image of far-northerner
• scar 英文词源 scar (n.) late 14c., from Old French escare "scab" (Modern French escarre ), from Late Latin eschara , from Greek eskhara "scab formed after a burn," literally "hearth, fireplace," of unknown origin. English sense probably influenced by Middle English skar (late 14c.) "crack, cut, incision," from Old Norse skarð , related to score (n.). Figurative sense attested from 1580s. scar (v.)
• synthetic 英文词源 synthetic (adj.) 1690s, as a term in logic, "deductive," from French synthétique (17c.) and directly from Modern Latin syntheticus , from Greek synthetikos "skilled in putting together, constructive," from synthetos "put together, constructed, compounded," past participle of syntithenai "to put together" (see synthesis ). From 1874 in reference to products or materials made artificia
• synthesis 英文词源 synthesis (n.) 1610s, "deductive reasoning," from Latin synthesis "collection, set, suit of clothes, composition (of a medication)," from Greek synthesis "composition, a putting together," from syntithenai "put together, combine," from syn- "together" (see syn- ) + tithenai "put, place" (see theme ). From 1733 as "a combination of parts into a whole." Earlier borrowed in Middle Englis
• synchronize 英文词源 synchronize (v.) 1620s, "to occur at the same time," from Greek synkhronizein "be of the same time," from synkhronos "happening at the same time" (see synchronous ). The transitive sense of "make synchronous" is first recorded 1806. Of timepieces by 1879. Related: Synchronized ; synchronizing . Synchronized swimming is recorded from 1950. 中文词源 synchronize ：使同步，同时发
• synchronise 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random tomboy tomboy: [16] Tomboy originally denoted a ‘rude or boisterous boy’, but before the end of the 16th century it was being applied to a ‘girl who behaves like a boisterous boy’. Tom (the familiar form of Thomas ) is presumably being used to denote ‘maleness’ (here ‘typical male aggressiveness’). 中文词源 s
• symphony 英文词源 symphony symphony: [13] Symphony originally meant ‘harmony’; it was not used for a ‘large-scale piece of orchestral music in several movements’ until the late 18th century. The word came via Old French symphonie and Latin symphōnia from Greek sumphōníā , a derivative of súmphōnos ‘harmonious’. This was a compound adjective formed from the prefix sun - ‘together’
• sympathy 英文词源 sympathy sympathy: [16] Sympathy is etymologically ‘feeling with’ someone else. The word comes via Latin sympathīa from Greek sumpátheia , a derivative of sumpathés ‘feeling with or similarly to someone else’. This was a compound adjective formed from the prefix sun - ‘together, with, like’ and páthos ‘feeling’ (source of English pathetic [16], pathology [17], path
• sympathize 英文词源 sympathize (v.) "have fellow-feeling," c. 1600, from Middle French sympathiser , from sympathie (see sympathy ). Earlier in a physiological sense (1590s). As "express sympathy," from 1748. Related: Sympathized ; sympathizing . 中文词源 sympathize ：同情，同感 词根词缀： sym-共同 + -path-痛苦 + -ize动词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： s
• sympathise 英文词源 sympathise (v.) chiefly British English spelling of sympathize (q.v.); for suffix, see -ize . Related: Sympathised ; sympathising . 中文词源 sympathise ：同情，同感 词根词缀： sym-共同 + -path-痛苦 + -ise动词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： sympathise 词源， sympathise 含义。
• sympathetic 英文词源 sympathetic (adj.) 1640s, "pertaining to sympathy," from Modern Latin sympatheticus , from late Greek sympathetikos "having sympathy," from sympathein , from sympathes "having a fellow feeling, affected by like feelings" (see sympathy ). In English, the meaning "having fellow feeling, susceptible to altruistic feelings" is recorded from 1718. In the anatomical sense, "subject to a com
• symmetry 英文词源 symmetry (n.) 1560s, "relation of parts, proportion," from Middle French symmétrie (16c.) and directly from Latin symmetria , from Greek symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement," from symmetros "having a common measure, even, proportionate," from assimilated form of syn- "together" (see syn- ) + metron "meter" (see meter (n.2)). Meaning "harmonic arrangement o
• symmetrical 英文词源 symmetrical (adj.) 1751, from symmetry + -ical . Related: Symmetrically (1570s). 中文词源 symmetrical ：对称的 词根词缀： sym-共同,同时 + -metr-测量,仪表 + -ical形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： symmetrical 词源， symmetrical 含义。 symmetrical ：对称的 symmetry,对称，-ical,形容词后缀。
• symmetric 英文词源 symmetric (adj.) 1796, from symmetry + -ic . Earlier in the same sense was symmetral (1650s). 中文词源 symmetric ：对称的   词根词缀： sym-共同,同时 + -metr-测量,仪表 + -ic形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： symmetric 词源， symmetric 含义。
• symbol 英文词源 symbol symbol: [15] Etymologically, a symbol is something ‘thrown together’. The word’s ultimate source is Greek sumbállein , a compound verb formed from the prefix sun - ‘together’ and bállein ‘throw’ (source of English ballistic , problem , etc). The notion of ‘throwing or putting things together’ led on to the notion of ‘contrast’, and so sumbállein came to
• sweetheart 英文词源 sweetheart (n.) late 13c. as a form of address, 1570s as a synonym for "loved one;" from sweet (adj.) + heart (n.). As an adjective, with reference to labor contracts, it is attested from 1959. 中文词源 sweetheart ：心爱的人 词根词缀： sweet甜 + heart心 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： sweetheart 词源， sweetheart 含义。 sweetheart ：甜心，
• sustenance 英文词源 sustenance (n.) c. 1300, "means of living, subsistence, livelihood," from Old French sostenance "support, aid" (Modern French soutenance ), from Late Latin sustinentia "endurance," from present participle stem of Latin sustinere (see sustain ). Meaning "action of sustaining life by food" is from late 14c. Sense of "nourishment" is recorded from late 15c. Related: Sustenant . 中文词源
• sustainable 英文词源 sustainable (adj.) 1610s, "bearable," from sustain + -able . Attested from 1845 in the sense "defensible;" from 1965 with the meaning "capable of being continued at a certain level." Sustainable growth is recorded from 1965. Related: Sustainably . 中文词源 sustainable ：能保持的，能维持的；可持续的 词根词缀： sus-下 + -tain-握,持有 + -able 该词的英语词源
• sustain 英文词源 sustain (v.) c. 1300, "give support to," from stem of Old French sostenir "hold up, bear; suffer, endure" (13c.), from Latin sustinere "hold up, hold upright; furnish with means of support; bear, undergo, endure," from sub "up from below" (see sub- ) + tenere "to hold" (see tenet ). Meaning "continue, keep up" (an action, etc.) is from early 14c. Sense of "endure without failing or yi
• suspicious 英文词源 suspicious (adj.) mid-14c., "deserving of or exciting suspicion," from Old French sospecious , from Latin suspiciosus , suspitiosus "exciting suspicion, causing mistrust," also "full of suspicion, ready to suspect," from stem of suspicere (see suspicion ). Meaning "full of suspicion, inclined to suspect" in English is attested from c. 1400. Poe (c. 1845) proposed suspectful to take on
• suspicion 英文词源 suspicion (n.) c. 1300, "act of suspecting; unverified conjecture of wrongdoing; mistrust, distrust," from Anglo-French suspecioun , corresponding to Old French suspicion , sospeçon "mistrust, suspicion" (Modern French soupçon ), from Late Latin suspectionem (nominative suspectio ) "mistrust, suspicion, fear, awe," noun of state from past participle stem of Latin suspicere "look up
• suspension 英文词源 suspension (n.) early 15c., "a temporary halting or deprivation," from Latin suspensionem (nominative suspensio ) "the act or state of hanging up, a vaulting," noun of action, from past participle stem of suspendere "to hang up, cause to hang, suspend" (see suspend ). Suspension of disbelief is from Coleridge: A semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination
• suspend 英文词源 suspend suspend: [13] To suspend something is etymologically to ‘hang it up’. The word comes via Old French suspendre from Latin suspendere ‘hang up’, a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘up from under’, hence ‘up’, and pendere ‘hang’ (source of English depend , pendent , etc). The metaphorical sense ‘delay’ developed in Latin. = depend , pendant , pen
• suspect 英文词源 suspect suspect: [14] Latin suspicere originally meant literally ‘look up at’ (it was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘up from under’ and specere ‘look at’, source of English spectator , spy , etc). It evolved metaphorically along two lines: ‘look up to, admire’, which has since died out, and ‘look at secretly’, hence ‘look at distrustfully’, which
• susceptible 英文词源 susceptible (adj.) c. 1600, from Late Latin susceptibilis "capable, sustainable, susceptible," from Latin suscept- , past participle stem of suscipere "to take, catch, take up, lift up; receive, admit; submit to; sustain, support, bear; acknowledge, accept," from sub "up from under" (see sub- ) + capere "to take" (see capable ). Susceptive in the same sense is recorded from early 15c.
• survivor 英文词源 survivor (n.) early 15c. in the legal sense of "one who outlives another," agent noun from survive . Meaning "one who has a knack for pulling through adversity" is attested from 1971. Survivor syndrome is first recorded 1968. 中文词源 survivor ：幸存者，活着的人 词根词缀： sur-超过 + -viv-活 + -or人 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： survivor 词
• survive 英文词源 survive survive: see vivid survive (v.) mid-15c. (implied in surviving ), "to outlive, continue in existence after the death of another," originally in the legal (inheritance) sense, from Anglo-French survivre , Old French souvivre (12c., Modern French survivre ), from Latin supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from super "over, beyond" (see super- ) + vivere "to live" (see vi
• survival 英文词源 survival (n.) 1590s, "act of surviving; continuation after some event," from survive + -al (2). Phrase survival of the fittest (1864) was used by Spencer in place of Darwin's natural selection . 中文词源 survival ：幸存，生存，残存；幸存者，残存物 词根词缀： sur-超过 + -viv-活 + -al名词词尾,动作或过程 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文
• survey 英文词源 survey survey: [15] To survey something is etymologically to ‘oversee’ it. The word comes via Anglo-Norman surveier from medieval Latin supervidēre , a compound verb formed from the prefix super - ‘over’ and vidēre ‘see’ (source of English view , vision , etc). = view , vision survey (v.) c. 1400, "to consider, contemplate," from Anglo-French surveier , Old French sorveo
• surrender 英文词源 surrender surrender: [15] To surrender is etymologically to ‘give up’. The word was borrowed from Old French surrendre ‘deliver over, give up’, a compound verb formed from the prefix sur - ‘over’ and rendre ‘give, deliver’ (source of English render ). = render surrender (v.) mid-15c., "to give (something) up," from Old French surrendre "give up, deliver over" (13c.), f
• surprise 英文词源 surprise surprise: [15] To surprise someone is etymologically to ‘overtake’ them. The word comes from the past participle of Old French surprendre ‘overtake’, a compound verb formed from the prefix sur - ‘over’ and prendre ‘take’. By the time it reached English it was being used for ‘affect suddenly, as with a particular emotion’ (‘He shall be so surprised with a
• surgent 英文词源 surgent (adj.) "rising in waves," 1590s, from Latin surgentem (nominative surgens ) "rising," present participle of surgere "to rise" (see surge (n.)). In psychology from 1933. 中文词源 surgent ：澎湃的，汹涌的  词根词缀： sur-上,超过 + g(-reg-)统治 + -ent形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： surgent 词源， surgent 含义。
• surge 英文词源 surge surge: [15] Latin surgere meant literally ‘lead up from below’, hence ‘rise’ – it originated as a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘up from below’ and regere ‘rule’, hence ‘lead’ (source of English regiment , region , etc). English acquired it via Old Spanish surgir and Old French sourgir , by which time it had taken on watery associations, of wav
• surface 英文词源 surface surface: [17] Surface was coined in French on the model of Latin superficiēs ‘surface’ (source of English superficial ). It contains the same elements: sur - ‘above’ (a descendant of Latin super ) and face ‘face’. = face , superficial surface (v.) "come to the surface," 1898, from surface (n.). Earlier it meant "bring to the surface" (1885), and "to give something
• sure 英文词源 sure sure: [14] Sure and secure are doublets – that is to say, they come from the same ultimate source, but have diverged over the centuries. Latin sēcūrus (etymologically ‘without care’) was borrowed directly into English as secure , but in Old French it evolved into sur , from which English gets sure . = secure sure (adj.) early 13c., "safe against attack, secure," later "fi
• surd 英文词源 surd (adj.) 1550s, "irrational" (of numbers), from Latin surdus "deaf, unheard, silent, dull; willfully deaf, inattentive," possibly related to susurrus "a muttering, whispering" (see susurration ). The mathematical sense is from the use of Latin surdus to translate Arabic (jadhr) asamm "deaf (root)," itself apparently a loan-translation of Greek alogos , literally "speechless, withou
• supreme 英文词源 supreme supreme: [16] Supreme comes ultimately from Latin suprā ‘above’ (a close relative of super ). From this was formed the adjective suprēmus ‘highest’, which English adopted as supreme . Supremo is a 20th-century borrowing of the Spanish version of the word. = super supreme (adj.) 1520s, from Middle French suprême (15c.) and directly from Latin supremus "highest," supe
• suppress 英文词源 suppress suppress: see press suppress (v.) late 14c. (implied in suppressing ) "be burdensome;" 1520s as "put down by force or authority," from Latin suppressus , past participle of supprimere "press down, stop, hold back, check, stifle," from sub "down, under" (see sub- ) + premere "push against" (see press (v.1)). Sense of "prevent or prohibit the circulation of" is from 1550s of pu
• supposition 英文词源 supposition (n.) early 15c., a term in logic, "assumption, hypothesis," from Medieval Latin suppositionem (nominative suppositio ) "assumption, hypothesis, a supposition," noun of action from past participle stem of supponere (see suppose ); influenced by Greek hypothesis . In classical Latin, "a putting under, substitution." Earlier in English in the same sense was supposal (late 14c
• suppose 英文词源 suppose suppose: [14] Latin suppōnere meant literally ‘put under’ (it was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘under’ and pōnere ‘put, place’, source of English position , and its original meaning is best preserved in English suppository [14], literally ‘something placed underneath’). From it was derived the noun suppositiō , which, on the analogy of Greek
• support 英文词源 support support: [14] Latin supportāre meant ‘carry, convey, bring’ (it was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘up, towards’ and portāre ‘carry’, source of English portable , porter , etc). The sense ‘endure’ (represented in English mainly by the derivative insupportable [16]) evolved in post-classical Latin. ‘Bear the weight of’ is not recorded in Engl
• supply 英文词源 supply supply: [14] Latin supplēre meant ‘fill up, complete’. It was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub - ‘under, from below’, hence ‘up’, and plēre ‘fill’ (source of English accomplish , complete , etc). The sense ‘provide’ evolved via the notion of ‘making good a deficiency, fulfilling a need’. The original meaning is better preserved in supplement
• supplementary 英文词源 supplementary (adj.) 1660s, "added as something extra," from supplement (n.) + -ary . Suppletory in the same sense is from 1620s. 中文词源 supplementary ：增补的，补充的 词根词缀： sup-下 + -ple-充满 + -ment名词词尾 + -ary形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： supplementary 词源， supplementary 含义。 supplementary ：补充性
• supervisor 英文词源 supervisor (n.) "one who inspects and directs the work of others," mid-15c., from Medieval Latin supervisor , agent noun from supervidere "oversee, inspect" (see supervise ). 中文词源 supervisor ：监督者；主管人，管理人 词根词缀： super-上,超过 + -vis-看见 + -or名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： supervisor 词源， supervisor
• supplement 英文词源 supplement supplement: see supply supplement (n.) late 14c., from Latin supplementum "that which fills up, that with which anything is made full or whole, something added to supply a deficiency," from supplere "to fill up" (see supply (v.)). supplement (v.) 1829, from supplement (n.). Compare Spanish suplementar . Related: Supplemented ; supplementing . 中文词源 supplement ：增补
• supervise 英文词源 supervise (v.) late 15c., "to look over" (implied in supervising ), from Medieval Latin supervisus , past participle of supervidere "oversee, inspect," from Latin super "over" (see super- ) + videre "see" (see vision ). Meaning "to oversee and superintend the work or performance of others" is attested from 1640s. Related: Supervised . 中文词源 supervise ：监督，管理   词根
• supersonic 英文词源 supersonic (adj.) 1919, "of or having to do with sound waves beyond the limit of human hearing," from super- + sonic . Attested from 1934 in sense of "exceeding the speed of sound" (especially as a measure of aircraft speed), leaving the original sense to ultrasonic (1923). 中文词源 supersonic ：超声波的；超音速的  词根词缀： super-上,超过 + -son-声音 + -ic形容
• superiority 英文词源 superiority (n.) late 15c., from superior (adj.) + -ity , or directly from Medieval Latin superioritatem (nominative superioritas ), from superior . 中文词源 superiority ：优越性，优势    词根词缀： super-上,超过 + -ior形容词词尾 + -ity名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： superiority 词源， superiority 含义。 superiority ：
• superior 英文词源 superior (adj.) late 14c., "higher in position," from Old French superior "higher, upper" (Modern French superieur ), from Latin superiorem (nominative superior ) "higher," comparative of superus "situated above, upper," from super "above, over" (see super- ). Meaning "higher in rank or dignity" is attested from late 15c.; sense of "of a higher nature or character" is attested from 15
• superfluous 英文词源 superfluous superfluous: see flux superfluous (adj.) early 15c. (earlier superflue , late 14c.), from Latin superfluus "unnecessary," literally "overflowing, running over," from superfluere "to overflow," from super "over" (see super- ) + fluere "to flow" (see fluent ). Related: Superfluously ; superfluousness . 中文词源 superfluous ：过剩的，多余的 词根词缀： super-上
• superficial 英文词源 superficial superficial: [14] Superficial means literally ‘of the surface’. It comes from Latin superficiālis , a derivative of superficiēs ‘surface’. This was a compound noun formed from the prefix super - ‘above’ and faciēs ‘face’ (ancestor of English face ). The main modern sense, ‘concerned only with outward appearances’, emerged in the 16th century. = face
• super 英文词源 super super: [17] Super has been used over the centuries as an abbreviated form of a variety of English words containing the Latin element super ‘above’. Its earliest manifestation, short for the now defunct insuper ‘balance left over’, did not last long and it was the 19th century which really saw an explosion in the use of the word. In 1807 it appeared as an abbreviation for
• sup 英文词源 sup (v.1) "eat the evening meal," c. 1300, from Old French super , soper "dine, sup, dip bread in soup or wine, sop up" (Modern French souper ), which probably is from soupe "broth" (see soup ), until recently still the traditional evening meal of French workers. sup (v.2) "to sip, to take into the mouth with the lips," Old English supan (West Saxon), suppan , supian (Northumbrian) "t
• sunk 英文词源 sunk a past tense and past participle of sink (v.). 中文词源 sunk ：下沉的，沉没的；沮丧的，失败的     同源词：sink 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： sunk 词源， sunk 含义。