英语词源

• receipt 英文词源 receipt (n.) late 14c., "act of receiving;" also "statement of ingredients in a potion or medicine;" from Anglo-French or Old North French receite "receipt, recipe, prescription" (c. 1300), altered (by influence of receit "he receives," from Vulgar Latin *recipit ) from Old French recete , from Latin recepta "received," fem. past participle of recipere (see receive ). Meaning "written
• recede 英文词源 recede (v.) early 15c., from Middle French receder , from Latin recedere "to go back, fall back; withdraw, depart, retire," from re- "back" (see re- ) + cedere "to go" (see cede ). Related: Receded ; receding . 中文词源 recede ：退去，渐渐远去；(问题、感情等)逐渐减弱    词根词缀： re-回,向后 + -ced-行走,退让 + -e动词词尾 该词的英语词源请
• recall 英文词源 recall (v.) 1580s, "to bring back by calling upon," from re- "back, again" + call (v.); in some cases a loan-translation of Middle French rappeler (see repeal (v.)) or Latin revocare (see revoke ). Sense of "bring back to memory" is from 1610s. Related: Recalled ; recalling . recall (n.) 1650s, "act of recalling to mind," from recall (v.). In U.S. politics, "removal of an elected offi
• rebound 英文词源 rebound (v.) late 14c., "to spring, leap," also "return to afflict" (early 15c.), from Old French rebondir "leap back, resound; repulse, push back," from re- "back" (see re- ) + bondir "leap, bound" (see bound (v.)). Sense of "to spring back from force of impact" is recorded from late 14c. Sports use probably first in tennis; basketball sense is attested from 1914. Related: Rebounded
• rebellious 英文词源 rebellious (adj.) early 15c., from Latin rebellis (see rebel (adj.)) + -ous . Related: Rebelliously ; rebelliousness . 中文词源 rebellious ：反叛的，难控制的 词根词缀： re-相反,反对 + -bell-战斗,战争 + -i- + -ous形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rebellious 词源， rebellious 含义。
• rebellion 英文词源 rebellion (n.) "war waged against a government by some portion of its subjects," mid-14c., from Old French rebellion (14c.) and directly from Latin rebellionem (nominative rebellio ) "rebellion, revolt; renewal of war," from rebellis (see rebel (adj.)). 中文词源 rebellion ：反抗，造反 词根词缀： re-相反,反对 + -bell-战斗,战争 + -ion名词词尾 该词的英语词源
• rebel 英文词源 rebel rebel: [13] Etymologically, a rebel is someone who, having been defeated, ‘makes war again’ against his conquerors. The word comes via Old French rebelle from Latin rebellis , an adjective formed from the prefix re - ‘again’ and bellum ‘war’ (source of English bellicose [15] and belligerent [16]). The same Latin word underlies English revel [14]; the semantic link be
• reassure 英文词源 reassure (v.) "restore (someone) to confidence," 1590s, from re- "back, again" + assure . Related: Reassured ; reassuring . 中文词源 reassure ：使安心，使消除疑虑  词根词缀： re-再 + as-来,临近 + -sur-确信 + -e 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： reassure 词源， reassure 含义。 reassure ：使安心 re-,再，重新，assure,确信。
• reassurance 英文词源 reassurance (n.) also re-assurance , 1610s, from reassure + -ance . 中文词源 reassurance ：劝慰，保证  词根词缀： re-再 + as-来,临近 + -sur-确信 + -ance名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： reassurance 词源， reassurance 含义。
• reassume 英文词源 No matching word found in the dictionary. Word of Random panel panel: [13] Etymologically, a panel is nothing more than a ‘small pane’. It comes via Old French from Vulgar Latin * pannellus , a diminutive form of Latin pannus ‘rag’ (source of English pane [13]). Both panel and pane entered English with their original ‘cloth’ connotations intact, but they have now virtually
• realm 英文词源 realm realm: [13] Realm. , régime , and regimen are ultimately the same word. All three come from Latin regimen ‘system of government’, a derivative of the verb regere ‘rule’ (from which English gets rector , regent , register , etc). This passed into Old French, where reiel ‘royal’ was grafted into it, producing realme – whence English realm . = rector , regal , régim
• realize 英文词源 realize (v.) 1610s, "bring into existence," from French réaliser "make real" (16c.), from Middle French real "actual" (see real (adj.)). Sense of "understand clearly, make real in the mind" is first recorded 1775. Sense of "obtain, amass" is from 1753. Related: Realized ; realizing . 中文词源 realize ：实现；认识到，领悟  词根词缀： -real-现实 + -ize动词词尾
• realization 英文词源 realization (n.) 1610s, "action of making real," from realize + -ation . Meaning "action of forming a clear concept" is from 1828. Related: Realizational . 中文词源 realization ：实现   词根词缀： -real-现实 + -ization名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： realization 词源， realization 含义。
• reality 英文词源 reality (n.) 1540s, "quality of being real," from French réalité and directly Medieval Latin realitatem (nominative realitas ), from Late Latin realis (see real (adj.)). Meaning "real existence, all that is real" is from 1640s; that of "the real state (of something)" is from 1680s. Sometimes 17c.-18c. also meaning "sincerity." Reality-based attested from 1960. Reality television fro
• realistic 英文词源 realistic (adj.) "true to reality" (of art, literature, etc.), 1829; "involving a practical view of life" (opposed to idealistic ), 1831; from realist + -ic . Related: Realistically . 中文词源 realistic ：现实(主义)的  词根词缀： -real-现实 + -istic形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： realistic 词源， realistic 含义。
• realism 英文词源 realism (n.) 1794, from real (adj.) + -ism ; after French réalisme or German Realismus ; from Late Latin realis "real." Opposed to idealism in philosophy, art, etc. In reference to scholastic doctrine of Thomas Aquinas (opposed to nominalism ) it is recorded from 1826. Meaning "close resemblance to the scene" (in art, literature, etc., often with reference to unpleasant details) is a
• realise 英文词源 realise (v.) chiefly British English spelling of realize ; for suffix, see -ize . Related: Realisation ; realised ; realising . 中文词源 realise ：实现；认识到，领悟 词根词缀： -real-现实 + -ise动词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： realise 词源， realise 含义。
• realisation 英文词源 realise (v.) chiefly British English spelling of realize ; for suffix, see -ize . Related: Realisation ; realised ; realising . 中文词源 realisation ：实现 词根词缀： -real-现实 + -ise动词词尾(e略) + -ation名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： realisation 词源， realisation 含义。
• real 英文词源 real real: [15] Real and its various derivatives (such as realism [19], reality [16], and realize [17]) go back ultimately to Latin rēs ‘thing’, a word of uncertain origin related to Sanskrit rās ‘riches’. It had a post-classical derivative reālis , which English originally acquired via Anglo-Norman real and used strictly in the legal sense ‘of fixed property’ (as in re
• reagent 英文词源 reagent (n.) 1785, from re- + agent "substance that produces a chemical reaction." 中文词源 reagent ：反应力；试剂 词根词缀： re-向后;相反 + -ag-做,行动 + -ent名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： reagent 词源， reagent 含义。 reagent ：试剂 re-,再，重新，agent,化学剂。
• reactor 英文词源 reactor (n.) "one that reacts," 1835, agent noun in Latin form from react . In nuclear sense, attested from 1945. 中文词源 reactor ：反应堆 词根词缀： re-回 + -act-行动 + -or名词词尾,…人/物 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： reactor 词源， reactor 含义。 reactor ：核反应堆 物理名词术语，来自 react,反应，反抗，-or,表物
• reaction 英文词源 reaction (n.) "action in resistance or response to another action or power," 1610s, from re- "again, anew" + action (q.v.). Modeled on French réaction , older Italian reattione , from Medieval Latin reactionem (nominative reactio ), noun of action formed in Late Latin from past participle stem of Latin reagere "react," from re- "back" + agere "to do, act" (see act (v.)). Originally s
• react 英文词源 react (v.) 1640s, "to exert, as a thing acted upon, an opposite action upon the agent," from re- + act (v.). Chemical sense is from 1944. Related: Reacted ; reacting (1610s). For sense development, see reaction . Meaning "perform again" (often re-act ) is from 1650s. 中文词源 react ：反应，起作用； 词根词缀： re-回 + -act-行动 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源
• razor 英文词源 razor razor: [13] A razor is etymologically a ‘scraper’. The word was borrowed from Old French rasor , a derivative of raser ‘scrape, shave’ (from which English gets raze [16]). This in turn went back via Vulgar Latin * rasāre to Latin rādere ‘scrape’, source also of English abrade [17], erase , and possibly rascal . = abrade , erase , rascal razor (n.) late 13c., from O
• raze 英文词源 raze (v.) 1540s, alteration of racen "pull or knock down" (a building or town), from earlier rasen (14c.) "to scratch, slash, scrape, erase," from Old French raser "to scrape, shave" (see rase ). Related: Razed ; razing . 中文词源 raze ：彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地 词根词缀： raz(-ras-)擦,刮 + -e动词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： raze
• ray 英文词源 ray ray: Ray the ‘beam of light or energy’ [14] and ray the fish-name [14] are two different words. The former comes from rai , the Old French descendant of Latin radius ‘spoke of a wheel, ray’ (source also of English radiant , radio , radius , etc). The textile term rayon was coined from it in the early 1920s. Ray the fish-name comes via Old French raie from Latin raia , a wo
• ravishing 英文词源 ravishing (n.) "act of plundering," c. 1300, verbal noun from ravish (v.). ravishing (adj.) mid-14c., "ravenous;" early 15c., "enchanting;" present participle adjective from ravish (v.). The figurative notion is of "carrying off from earth to heaven." Related: Ravishingly . 中文词源 ravishing ：极其美丽的；销魂的 词根词缀： -rav-抓 + -ish动词词尾 + -ing 该词的
• ravish 英文词源 ravish ravish: see ravenous ravish (v.) c. 1300, "to seize (someone) by violence, carry (a person, especially a woman) away," from Old French raviss- , present participle stem of ravir "to seize, take away hastily," from Vulgar Latin *rapire , from Latin rapere "to seize and carry off, carry away suddenly, hurry away" (see rapid ). Meaning "to commit rape upon" is recorded from mid-15
• ravenous 英文词源 ravenous ravenous: [15] Ravenous was borrowed from Old French ravineux , a derivative of the verb raviner ‘seize by force’ (source of English raven , which nowadays appears mainly in its present participial form ravening ). This came from Latin rapere ‘seize by force’, ancestor also of English rape . The central modern meaning of ravenous , ‘very hungry’, developed from th
• raven 英文词源 raven raven: English has two separate words raven . The bird-name [OE] is a general Germanic term, related to German rabe , Dutch raaf , and Danish ravn . It goes back to a prehistoric Germanic * khrabnaz or * khraben , which originated in an imitation of the raven’s harsh croaking. The verb raven ‘prey, plunder’ [15], nowadays encountered virtually only in its present participl
• ravage 英文词源 ravage (v.) 1610s, from French ravager "lay waste, devastate," from Old French ravage "destruction," especially by flood (14c.), from ravir "to take away hastily" (see ravish ). Related: Ravaged ; ravaging . ravage (n.) 1610s, from French ravage "destruction" (see ravage (v.)). Related: Ravages . 中文词源 ravage ：破坏；掠夺；蹂躏 词根词缀： -rav-抓 + age 该词的英
• rational 英文词源 rational (adj.) late 14c., "pertaining to reason;" mid-15c., "endowed with reason," from Old French racionel and directly from Latin rationalis "of or belonging to reason, reasonable," from ratio (genitive rationis ) "reckoning, calculation, reason" (see ratio ). 中文词源 rational ：理性的，合理的 词根词缀： -rat-计算,思考 + -ion + -al 该词的英语词源请访问
• ration 英文词源 ration ration: [18] Ration , like reason , comes from Latin ratiō , a derivative of the verb rērī ‘think, calculate’. This meant, among other things, ‘calculation, computation’, in which sense it has yielded English ratio [17]. In the Middle Ages it was used for an ‘amount of provisions calculated for a soldier’, and that meaning has channelled via Spanish ración and F
• ratio 英文词源 ratio (n.) 1630s, "reason, rationale," from Latin ratio "reckoning, numbering, calculation; business affair, procedure," also "reason, reasoning, judgment, understanding," from rat- , past participle stem of reri "to reckon, calculate," also "think" (see reason (n.)). Mathematical sense "relationship between two numbers" is attested from 1650s. 中文词源 ratio ：比，比率，比例
• rating 英文词源 rating (n.) 1530s, "a fixing of rates," verbal noun from rate (v.2). Meaning "a classification according to rates" is from 1764. Ratings of TV programs, originally radio programs, began 1930 in U.S. under system set up by U.S. pollster and market researcher Archibald M. Crossley (1896-1985), and were called Crossley ratings or Crossleys until ratings began to be preferred c. 1947. 中文
• ratify 英文词源 ratify (v.) mid-14c., from Old French ratifier (13c.), from Medieval Latin ratificare "confirm, approve," literally "fix by reckoning," from Latin ratus "fixed by calculation; determined; approved; certain, sure; valid" (past participle adjective from reri "to reckon, think;" see reason (v.)) + root of facere "to make" (see factitious ). Related: Ratified ; ratifying . 中文词源 ra
• rate 英文词源 rate rate: English has two words rate . The commoner, ‘relative quantity’ [15], comes via Old French rate from medieval Latin rata ‘calculated, fixed’, as used in the expression pro rata parte ‘according to a fixed part, proportionally’. This was the feminine form of ratus , the past participle of rērī ‘think, calculate’, from which English also gets ratio , ration ,
• rase 英文词源 rase (v.) late 14c., "remove by scraping, rub, scrape out, erase," from Old French raser "to scrape, shave," from Medieval Latin rasare , frequentative of Latin radere (past participle rasus ) "to scrape, shave," perhaps from PIE *razd- (cognates: Latin rastrum "rake"), possible extended form of root *red- "to scrape, scratch, gnaw" (see rodent ). Related: Rased ; rasing . 中文词源
• rarely 英文词源 rarely (adv.) 1550s, from rare (adj.1) + -ly (2). "Seldom, not often;" also "finely, excellently." 中文词源 rarely ：很少；难得地，非常地 词根词缀： rare稀有的,难得的 + -ly副词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rarely 词源， rarely 含义。
• rare 英文词源 rare rare: Rare ‘uncommon’ [15] and rare ‘underdone’ [17] are not the same word. The former was borrowed from Latin rārus , which originally signified ‘having a loose texture, widely separated’ – hence ‘scarce’. It is not known what its ultimate source is. The latter is an alteration of the now obsolete rear ‘underdone’ (originally used mainly of eggs: ‘They h
• rapture 英文词源 rapture rapture: [17] Rapture is one of a large family of English words that go back ultimately to Latin rapere ‘seize by force’. Its past participle was raptus (source of English rapt [14]), which formed the basis of the medieval Latin noun raptūra ‘seizure’, hence ‘ecstasy’ – whence English rapture . From the same source come rapacious [17], rape ‘violate sexually’
• raptorial 英文词源 raptorial (adj.) "predatory," 1825, from raptor + -ial . Alternative raptatorial "predacious" (1840) is from Latin raptatus , past participle of raptare . 中文词源 raptorial ：捕食生物的，猛禽类的 词根词缀： -rapt-抓 + -or物 + -ial形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： raptorial 词源， raptorial 含义。
• raptor 英文词源 raptor (n.) c. 1600, "ravisher, abductor," from Latin raptor "a robber, plunderer, abductor, ravisher," agent noun from past participle stem of rapere "to seize" (see rapid ). Ornithological use is from 1873 (1823 in Latin plural Raptores ). 中文词源 raptor ：猛禽，肉食鸟 词根词缀： -rapt-抓 + -or物 → 掠夺之鸟 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：
• rapt 英文词源 rapt (adj.) late 14c., "carried away in an ecstatic trance," from Latin raptus , past participle of rapere "seize, carry off" (see rape (v.)). A figurative sense, the notion is of "carried up into Heaven (bodily or in a dream)," as in a saint's vision. Latin literal sense of "carried away" was in English from 1550s. In 15c.-17c. the word also sometimes could mean "raped." Sense of "en
• rapine 英文词源 rapine (n.) early 15c., "plunder," from Middle French rapine (12c.), from Latin rapina "act of robbery, plundering, pillage," from rapere "seize, carry off, rob" (see rapid ). 中文词源 rapine ：抢夺，掠夺 词根词缀： -rap-抓 + -ine名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rapine 词源， rapine 含义。
• rapidity 英文词源 rapidity (n.) 1650s, from French rapidité and directly from Latin rapiditatem (nominative rapiditas ) "swiftness, rapidity, velocity," from rapidus "hasty, swift, rapid" (see rapid ). 中文词源 rapidity ：快，快速   词根词缀： -rap-抓 + -id形容词词尾 + -ity名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rapidity 词源， rapidity 含义。
• rapid 英文词源 rapid rapid: [17] Like rape and rapture , rapid comes ultimately from Latin rapere ‘seize by force’. From this was derived the adjective rapidus , which originally denoted ‘carrying off by force’. The notion of ‘swiftness’ soon became incorporated into the meaning, however, and although the Latin adjective retained its original connotations of violence (it suggested ‘imp
• rape 英文词源 rape rape: English has three distinct words rape , only two of them now in general usage. The commonest, ‘violate sexually’ [14], comes via Anglo-Norman raper from Latin rapere ‘seize by force’, a generous contributor to English vocabulary which has also given us rapid , rapt , rapture , etc. Rape the plant-name [14] was borrowed from Latin rāpa or rāpum . Like its Latin anc
• rapacity 英文词源 rapacity (n.) 1540s, from Middle French rapacité (16c.), from Latin rapacitatem (nominative rapacitas ) "greediness," from rapax (genitive rapacis ) "grasping, plundering," from rapere "seize" (see rapid ). 中文词源 rapacity ：掠夺；贪婪 词根词缀： -rap-抓 + -acity名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rapacity 词源， rapacity 含义。
• rapacious 英文词源 rapacious rapacious: see rapture rapacious (adj.) 1650s, from Latin rapaci- , stem of rapax "grasping," itself from stem of rapere "to seize" (see rapacity ) + -ous . Related: Rapaciously ; rapaciousness . 中文词源 rapacious ：掠夺的；贪婪的 词根词缀： -rap-抓 + -acious形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rapacious 词源， rapaciou
• rank 英文词源 rank rank: English has two words rank . The one meaning ‘row, line’ [16], and hence ‘position of seniority’, was borrowed from Old French ranc (source also of English range ), which goes back via Frankish * hring to a prehistoric Germanic * khrengaz ‘circle, ring’ (ancestor of English ring ). Rank ‘absolute, downright’ [OE], as in ‘rank bad manners’, has had an eve
• range 英文词源 range range: [13] Range and rank come ultimately from the same source: Old French ranc . This was borrowed directly into English as rank , but it subsequently developed to rang , from which was derived the verb rangier ‘set in a row’ (ancestor of English arrange ). This in turn produced the noun range ‘rank, row’. = rank range (v.) c. 1200, rengen , "move over a large area, ro
• rally 英文词源 rally (n.) 1650s, originally in the military sense of "a regrouping for renewed action after a repulse," from rally (v.1). Sense of "mass meeting to stir enthusiasm" first attested 1840, American English. Sense of "gathering of automobile enthusiasts" is from 1932, from French rallye , itself from the English noun. Sports sense of "long series of hits" in tennis, etc., is from 1881, e
• rainproof 英文词源 rainproof (adj.) also rain-proof , 1788, from rain (n.) + proof (n.). 中文词源 rainproof ：防(不透)雨的  词根词缀： rain雨 + -proof形容词词尾,防…的 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： rainproof 词源， rainproof 含义。
• rainbow 英文词源 rainbow (n.) Old English renboga ; see rain (n.) + bow (n.). Common Germanic compound (Old Frisian reinboga , Old Norse regnbogi , Swedish regenbåge , Dutch regenboog , German Regenbogen ). Rainbow trout (1876, American English) so called for its resplendent colors. Old English also had scurboga "shower-bow." 中文词源 rainbow ：虹 词根词缀： rain雨 + bow弯曲 该词的英语
• rain 英文词源 rain rain: [OE] Rain is an exclusively Germanic word, not shared by any other language group in the Indo-European family. Its prehistoric ancestor * reg - has evolved into German and Dutch regen , Swedish and Danish regn , and English rain . There may be some connection with Old Norse rakr ‘wet’. rain (n.) Old English regn "rain," from Proto-Germanic *regna- (cognates: Old Saxon r
• railway 英文词源 railway (n.) 1812 in modern sense, from rail (n.1) + way (n.). Earlier used of any sort of road on which rails (originally wooden) were laid for easier transport (1776). 中文词源 railway ：铁路  词根词缀： rail铁轨 + way路 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： railway 词源， railway 含义。 railway ：铁路 rail,铁轨，way,道路。 railway ：铁
• rail 英文词源 rail rail: English has three words rail . The oldest, ‘rod, bar’ [13], comes via Old French reille ‘iron bar’ from Latin rēgula ‘straight stick, rod’, source of English regular and rule . The bird-name rail [15] goes back via Old Northern French raille to Vulgar Latin * rascula , which probably originated in imitation of the bird’s hoarse cry. And rail ‘complain, be a
• rage 英文词源 rage rage: [13] Rage is a close relative of rabies . It comes via Old French rage from Vulgar Latin * rabia , an alteration of Latin rabiēs ‘madness, frenzy, fury’ (from which English gets rabies ). (French rage still means ‘rabies’ as well as ‘anger’.) = rabies rage (n.) c. 1300, "madness, insanity; fit of frenzy; anger, wrath; fierceness in battle; violence of storm, fi
• radius 英文词源 radius (n.) 1590s, "cross-shaft," from Latin radius "staff, stake, rod; spoke of a wheel; ray of light, beam of light; radius of a circle," of unknown origin. Perhaps related to radix "root," but Tucker suggests connection to Sanskrit vardhate "rises, makes grow," via root *neredh- "rise, out, extend forth;" or else Greek ardis "sharp point." The geometric sense first recorded 1610s.
• radioactivity 英文词源 radioactivity (n.) 1899, from French radioactivité , coined 1898 by the Curies; see radioactive . 中文词源 radioactivity ：放射性，放射现象   词根词缀： -radio-射线,放射 + -act-行动 + -ivity名词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： radioactivity 词源， radioactivity 含义。
• radioactive 英文词源 radioactive (adj.) 1898, from French radio-actif , coined by Pierre and Marie Curie from radio- , comb. form of Latin radius (see radiation ) + actif "active" (see active ). 中文词源 radioactive ：放射性的，放射引起的   词根词缀： -radio-射线,放射 + -act-行动 + -ive形容词词尾 该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版： radioactive 词源，
• radio 英文词源 radio radio: [20] Radio began life, in the first decade of the 20th century, as an abbreviation of radiotelegraphy , a compound based on Latin radius . This originally meant ‘staff, stake’, but it is its secondary meanings that have contributed significantly to English: ‘spoke of a wheel’, for instance, lies behind English radius [16], and the notion of a ‘ray’ has produce
• radical 英文词源 radical radical: [14] Etymologically, radical means ‘of roots’. Its modern political meaning, based on the metaphor of fundamental change, going to the ‘roots’ of things, did not begin to emerge until the 18th century. The word was borrowed from late Latin rādīcālis , a derivative of Latin rādīx ‘root’ (source of English radish [OE] and probably related to root ). = r
• radiate 英文词源 radiate (v.) 1610s, "spread in all directions from a point," from Latin radiatus , past participle of radiare "to beam, shine, gleam; make beaming" (see radiation ). Meaning "be radiant, give off rays (of light or heat)" is from 1704. Related: Radiated ; radiates ; radiating . radiate (adj.) "having rays, furnished with rays, shining," 1660s, from Latin radiatus (see radiate (v.)). 中文
• radiant 英文词源 radiant (adj.) mid-15c., from Middle French radiant and directly from Latin radiantem (nominative radians ) "beaming, shining," present participle of radiare "to beam, shine" (see radiation ). Of beauty, etc., first attested c. 1500. Related: Radiantly . radiant (n.) "point or object from which light radiates," 1727; see radiant (adj.). In astronomy, of meteor showers, from 1864. 中文
• racecourse 英文词源 career career: [16] Originally, a career was a ‘road or racetrack for vehicles’. Its ultimate source was Latin carrus ‘wheeled vehicle’ (from which we get car ), which produced the Vulgar Latin derivative * carāria ‘track for wheeled vehicles’. This passed into English via Provençal carreira , Italian carriera , and French carrière . Its earliest meaning was ‘racecour
• raise 英文词源 raise raise: [12] Raise is first cousin to rear . It was borrowed from Old Norse reisa , which was descended from the same prehistoric Germanic verb as produced English rear ‘lift, rise’. This was * raizjan , a derivative of the same source as gave English rise . = rear , rise raise (n.) "act of raising or lifting," 1530s, from raise (v.). Meaning "an increase in amount or value"
• racket 英文词源 racket racket: Racket for playing tennis [16] and racket ‘noise’ [16] are unrelated words. The former was borrowed from French raquette , which originally meant ‘palm of the hand’. This goes back via Italian racchetta to Arabic rāhat , a variant of rāha ‘palm of the hand’. The origins of racket ‘noise’ are not known, although the probability is that it started life a
• rohe 英文词源 proem (n.) late 14c., proheme "brief introduction, prelude," from Old French proheme (14c., Modern French proème ), from Latin prooemium, from Greek prooimion "prelude" to anything, especially music and poetry, from pro- "before" (see pro- ) + oimos "way" or oime "song." throe (n.) c. 1200, throwe "pain, pang of childbirth, agony of death," of uncertain origin, possibly from Old Engl
• rosary 英文词源 rosary rosary: [14] Rosary comes from Latin rosārium ‘rose garden’, a derivative of rosa ‘rose’. It was a common conceit in the Middle Ages to name collections of verse or similar short pieces after bunches of flowers ( anthology comes from the Greek word for ‘flower’, and a similar inspiration underlies florilegium , while a 13thcentury volume of the collected works of t
• rosemary 英文词源 rosemary rosemary: [15] Originally, rosemary had no connection with either ‘roses’ or ‘Mary’. Etymologically it means ‘sea-dew’. It comes, probably via Old French rosmarin , from late Latin rōsmarīnum . This in turn was a conflation of Latin rōs marīnus , rōs meaning ‘dew’ and marīnus ‘of the sea’ (an allusion to the fact that the plant grew near sea coasts).
• rabble 英文词源 rabble (n.1) c. 1300, "pack of animals," possibly related to Middle English rablen "to gabble, speak in a rapid, confused manner," probably imitative of hurry, noise, and confusion (compare Middle Dutch rabbelen , Low German rabbeln "to chatter"). Meaning "tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people" is from late 14c.; applied contemptuously to the common or low part of any populace from
• rabbinical 英文词源 rabbinical (adj.) 1620s, earlier rabbinic (1610s); see Rabbi + -ical . The -n- is perhaps via rabbin "rabbi" (1520s), an alternative form, from French rabbin , from Medieval Latin rabbinus (also source of Italian rabbino , Spanish and Portuguese rabino ), perhaps from a presumed Semitic plural in -n , or from Aramaic rabban "our teacher," "distinguishing title given to patriarchs and
• rabbi 英文词源 rabbi rabbi: [14] Hebrew rabbī meant ‘my master’. It was a compound formed from rabh ‘great one’ and the pronoun suffix -ī ‘my’. English originally acquired the word, via Latin, at the end of the Old English period, but only in biblical contexts, as a term of address equivalent to English master (as in ‘Jesus … saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi
• retro- 英文词源 retro- word-forming element meaning "backwards; behind," from Latin retro (prep.) "backward, back, behind," also of time, "formerly, in past times," probably originally the ablative form of *reteros , based on re- "back" (see re- ). L. retro stands to re- as intro , "in, within"; to in , "in," and as citro , "hither," stands to cis , "on this side." [Klein] Common in combinations in p
• re- 英文词源 re- word-forming element meaning "back to the original place; again, anew, once more," also with a sense of "undoing," c. 1200, from Old French and directly from Latin re- "again, back, anew, against," "Latin combining form conceivably from Indo-European *wret- , metathetical variant of *wert- "to turn" [Watkins]. Often merely intensive, and in many of the older borrowings from French
• rubbish 英文词源 rubbish (n.) c. 1400, robous , from Anglo-French rubouses (late 14c.), of unknown origin. No apparent cognates in Old French; apparently somehow related to rubble (see OED). Spelling with -ish is from late 15c. The verb sense of "disparage, criticize harshly" is first attested 1953 in Australian and New Zealand slang. Related: Rubbished ; rubbishing . 中文词源 rubbish （垃圾）：
• rhadamanthine 英文词源 Rhadamanthine "Showing stern and inflexible judgement", Mid 17th century: from Rhadamanthus + -ine 1 . 中文词源 rhadamanthine （公正的）：希腊神话中的判官拉达曼提斯 拉达曼提斯（Rhadamanthus，Rhadamanthys）是希腊神话中主神宙斯和欧罗巴的儿子，米诺斯、艾亚哥斯的兄弟。在米诺斯统治克里特以前，拉达曼迪斯是克里特
• robust 英文词源 robust robust: [16] By a series of semantic twists, robust is related to red . It comes ultimately from Indo- European * reudh - ‘red’ (source of English red ). This produced Latin rōbus , which was applied to a particular sort of oak tree with reddish wood. The oak being synonymous with strength, rōbus in due course came to mean ‘strength’. This was carried over into the de
• roger 英文词源 Roger masc. proper name, from Old French Rogier , from Old High German Hrotger , literally "famous with the spear," from hruod- "fame, glory" + ger "spear" (see gar (n.)). As a generic name for "a person," attested from 1630s. Slang meaning "penis" was popular c. 1650-c. 1870; hence the slang verb sense of "to copulate with (a woman)," attested from 1711. The use of the word in radio
• radium 英文词源 radium (n.) radioactive metallic element, 1899, from French radium , named 1898 after identification by Marie Curie and her husband, formed in Modern Latin from Latin radius "ray" (see radius ). So called for its power of emitting energy in the form of rays. 中文词源 radium （镭）：居里夫人所发现的强放射性化学元素 镭（radium）是一种强放射性化学元素。
• robot 英文词源 robot robot: [20] Robot is a Czech contribution to English. It comes from robota ‘forced labour, drudgery’, a word related to German arbeit ‘work’. It was used by the Czech dramatist Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots) 1920 for ‘mechanical people constructed to do menial tasks’. English acquired it via German robot , and the first record of it in
• rhetoric 英文词源 rhetoric rhetoric: [14] In ancient Greece, a rhétōr was a ‘public speaker’, an ‘orator’. The word went back to a prehistoric Indo-European base * wer - ‘speak, say’, which also produced English verb and word . From it was derived the adjective rhētorikós , which passed into English as a noun via Latin rhētorica and Old French rethorique . = verb , word rhetoric (n.) e
• rubber 英文词源 rubber (n.) "thing that rubs" (a brush, cloth, etc.), 1530s, agent noun from rub (v.). The meaning "elastic substance from tropical plants" (short for India rubber ) first recorded 1788, introduced to Europe 1744 by Charles Marie de la Condamine, so called because it originally was used as an eraser. Very useful for erasing the strokes of black lead pencils, and is popularly called ru
• recipe 英文词源 recipe recipe: [14] Recipe originated as the imperative form of Latin recipere ‘receive, take’ (source of English receive ). It was commonly used in Latin, and occasionally English, lists of ingredients for medicines and dishes (as in ‘Take three eggs …’), and by the end of the 16th century it was being applied to the medical formulae themselves. Its modern gastronomic sense
• romance 英文词源 romance romance: [13] A romance is etymologically a story written in the language ‘of Rome’. The word comes from Old French romanz , which denoted ‘something written in French (as opposed to classical Latin)’. This went back to the Vulgar Latin adverb * rōmānicē ‘in the local vernacular descended from Latin’ (contrasted with latinē ‘in Latin’). This in turn came fr
• restaurant 英文词源 restaurant restaurant: [19] A restaurant is etymologically a place where one is ‘restored’ or refreshed. The word was borrowed from French restaurant , a noun use of the present participle of restaurer ‘restore’, whose Old French ancestor restorer gave English restore [13]. This went back to Latin restaurāre ‘restore, repair’, a compound verb based on an earlier instaurā
• rheumatism 英文词源 rheumatism (n.) c. 1600, from Late Latin rheumatismus , from Greek rheumatismos , from rheumatizein "suffer from the flux," from rheuma "a discharge from the body" (see rheum ). "The meaning of a disease of the joints is first recorded in 1688, because rheumatism was thought to be caused by an excessive flow of rheum into a joint thereby stretching ligaments" [Barnhart]. 中文词源
• renegade 英文词源 renegade renegade: [16] A renegade is etymologically a ‘denier’. The word is an anglicization of Spanish renegado , a term picked up via Anglo-Hispanic contact at the end of the 16th century and itself quite commonly used in English until the 18th century. Renegado itself comes from medieval Latin renegātus , a noun use of the past participle of Latin renegāre ‘deny’ (source