英文词源
No matching word found in the dictionary.
Word of Random
- capture
- capture: [16] Along with its relatives captive, captivity, captivate, and captor, capture is the English language’s most direct lineal descendant of Latin capere ‘take, seize’ (others include capable, case for carrying things, cater, and chase, and heave is distantly connected). First to arrive was captive [14], which was originally a verb, meaning ‘capture’; it came via Old French captiver from Latin captīvus, the past participle of capere.
Contemporary in English was the adjectival use of captive, from which the noun developed. (The now archaic caitiff [13] comes from the same ultimate source, via an altered Vulgar Latin *cactivus and Old French caitiff ‘captive’.) Next on the scene was capture, in the 16th century; originally it was only a noun, and it was not converted to verbal use until the late 18th century, when it replaced captive in this role.
Also 16th-century is captivate, from the past participle of late Latin captivāre, a derivative of captīvus; this too originally meant ‘capture’, a sense which did not die out until the 19th century: ‘The British … captivated four successive patrols’, John Neal, Brother Jonathan 1825.
=> captive, cater, chase, cop, heave
中文词源
在希腊传说中，叙拉古国王有个名叫达摩克利斯（Damocles）的宠臣，对国王拥 有的荣华富贵特别羡慕。为了教训他，国王有一回让他跟自己交换身份，让他戴上王冠，穿上王袍，坐在国王的宝座享用着美酒珍馐。正当达摩克利斯沉浸在幸福之 中时，一抬头，他突然发现头顶上悬挂着一柄寒光闪烁的利剑，仅仅用一根纤细的马鬃系着，仿佛随时都有可能掉下来。他吓得赶紧跳下宝座，撒腿就跑。从此后， 人们就用the sword of Damocles这个习语来表示“安宁背后的危险”。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：the sword of Damocles 词源，the sword of Damocles 含义。
达摩克里斯之剑——喻指临头的危险，源于希腊传说，古Syracuse国王命其廷丞达摩克里斯坐在以一根头发悬挂的剑下，以示君王多危。此典出于古希腊的一个历史故事：公元前四世纪西西里东部的叙拉古王迪奥尼修斯（公元前430－367）打击了贵族势力，建立了雅典式的民主政权，但遭到了贵族的不满和反对，这使他感到虽然权力很大，但地位却不可靠。有一次他向宠臣达摩克利斯谈了这个问题，并且用形象的办法向他表明自己的看法。他为了满足一下宠臣达摩克利斯的贪欲，把宫殿交托给他，并赋予他有完全的权力来实现自己的任何欲望。这个追求虚荣、热中势利的达摩克利斯在大庆宴会时，抬头看到在自己的坐位上方天花板下，沉甸甸地倒悬着一把锋利的长剑，剑柄只有一根马鬃系着，眼看就要掉在头上，吓得他离席而逃。这时迪奥尼修斯王便走出来说道：“（达摩克利斯头上）这把利剑就是每分钟都在威胁王上的危险象征，至于王上的幸福和安乐，只不过是外表的现象而已。”后引申为做坏事的人随时都有可能受到惩罚。
达摩克利斯（Damocles）是希腊神话中古Syracuse（古代希腊的一个城邦）暴君迪奥尼修斯（Dionysius）的宠臣，他常说帝王多福，以取悦帝王。有一次，迪奥尼修斯让他坐在帝王的宝座上，头顶上挂着一把仅用一根马鬃系着的利剑，以此告诉他，虽然身在宝座，利剑却随时可能掉下来，帝王并不多福，而是时刻存在着忧患。人们常用这一典故来比喻随时可能发生的潜在危机。
